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7 Greatest Inventions During World War II

Пятница, 06 Декабря 2019 г. 02:48 + в цитатник

Usually, World War II deals with developments in the military field. However, World War II has given birth to other important discoveries that still have an impact on our lives today. For example, many important discoveries have been made in the fields of physics, medicine, and computer technology. All of them were successfully used during military operations and in peaceful post-war periods.

See the top 7 discoveries thanks to World War II in our photo gallery.

Space Exploration
During wartime, the Third Reich paid great attention to new scientific developments. A number of German scientists succeeded in building V-2 ballistic missiles, guided air bombs, and rocket planes. Initially, they were used to bombard European cities. After the war, most of the ideas behind these mechanical monsters were applied in the development of space, such as orbital flights, moon landings and space telescopes.
Operating with liquid fuel and inertial navigation, ballistic missiles have scared civilians. However, after the war, scientists found another way to use it.
The American missile, the Redstone PGM-11, operates with the same fuel configuration. This missile was active until 1964. WRESAT, the first Australian satellite, was sent into space in 1967 using a modified American Redstone rocket. The V-2 also became a prototype for Soviet "R" series ballistic missiles. The Soviets used a modified R-7 to take Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961.

The First Programmable Computer
The "Colossus" electronic computer, which was created by the British codemaker to decipher the Lorentz code, became the first programmable computer in the world. This computer consists of 1,500 electronic lights. Then, the number of lights increased to 2,500.
With this computer, the British were able to crack the encryption key. Each character is compiled with pseudo-random bits , for example, 10010 XOR 11001 = 01011. Previously, it took several weeks to decipher the secret message. In 1944, from the time the allies landed in Normandy, the results of the mission could be known within a few hours. This device was also used to give false information to German troops. In 1994, the working model of the Colossus Mark II was rebuilt. This computer runs at the same speed as a Pentium 2 processor laptop.

Turbojet aircraft
British engineer Frank Whittle is believed to have made a turbojet engine. He obtained a patent for his discovery in 1930. However, the British government considered his discovery to be irrelevant, while Third Reich was interested in the discovery.
Messerschmitt Me-262 is the first Luftwaffe fighter jet. Then, the Germans created the first Arado Ar 234 bomber , Heinkel He 162 ("Sparrow"), single-engine (1-engine) fighter jets, and a number of others. Armed with a 30 millimeter weapon, the Me-262 can fight even with fast enemy aircraft strikes. This is a qualitative leap in aircraft development.

Nuclear Weapons
At the outbreak of World War II, people were aware of the potential of nuclear power, but no one dared to test it.
During the war, Italian-born nuclear physicist, Enrico Fermi, created the first sustained controlled nuclear chain reaction. In 1943, the Manhattan project led by American physicist Robert Oppenheimer and Lieutenant General Leslie Groves was launched.
This was the trigger point of the Cold War and the beginning of the era of atomic weapons. Shortly after the research was completed, the United States dropped two bombs made during the Manhattan project in two Japanese cities - Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in August 1945.

Radio Navigation
Robert Watson-Watt and his assistant, Arnold Wilkins, are pioneers in this field. In 1930, they were invited to investigate the possibility of developing death ray , a new weapon that was allegedly built in the Third Reich.
The scientists completed their mission successfully, successfully conducting the world's first radar experiment to detect enemy bombers. The test results are a major contribution to the field of air defense. In 1935, R. Watson-Watt received a patent for the invention of radar.
This Soviet version of the radar was designed and installed by Yuri Konstantinovich Korovin in Leningrad, tested a little earlier in January 1934, but for unknown reasons, it was not patented.

Penicillin
Penicillin was discovered accidentally by Alexander Fleming during a laboratory study in 1928. However, the extract was obtained 10 years later.
Australian scientist Howard Florey and British biochemist Ernst Cheyne continue to study Penicillin further so that it can be produced correctly as a drug. In 1941, they developed and successfully tested complex drugs and in a short time, production began to operate.
Scientists, who have made invaluable contributions to this drug, were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945.

Diving Gear
For the first time, these equipment, namely containers with compressed air and hoses, were used in 1860. French mining engineer Benoit Roucairol applied his discoveries at the mine to regulate the supply of air from the surface.
In 1878, there were devices that could last a long time under water. The device has an underwater breathing apparatus with a closed circuit that can convert pure oxygen into toxic gas. Despite the fact that this discovery is still unknown, this tool was used actively during the Second World War. Aqualungs like this become a rescue equipment for a fleet of submarines.
Then, in 1943, the mechanism was improved: naval officer Jacques-Yves Cousteau and engineer Emile Gagnan, who worked in France then occupied by Germany, created an open-circuit respirator, so that exhalation was carried out directly in the water. This type of diving equipment (set of scuba) that is safe now we have used.

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