
1857
(Thorstein Bunde Veblen)
. ( , ), . - ( ), , . , , 1884 (Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution). - , 1891 , .. , 1906. (Journal of Political Economy), ˸. : (The Theory of Leisure Class, An Economic Study of Institutions, 1899), (The Theory of Business Enterprise, 1904). 1906 , , , 1910 , . (The Instinct of Workmanship, 1914); (Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution, 1915) (An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms if its Perpetuation, 1917). 1918 (The Higher Learning in America), . . 19181819 - (The Dial) , : (The Vested Interests and the Common Man, 1919) (The Engineers and the Price System, 1921). 19201922 -, 1923 C : (Absentee Ownership and Business Enterprise in Recent Times: The Case of America). - 3 1929 .
, , , . , , , . , , . , , ( , , 1929). , ; . - . , , 20 . . 1930- , , , .. .
: : (The Theory of Leisure Class, An Economic Study of Institutions, 1899); (The Theory of Business Enterprise, 1904); (The Instinct of Workmanship, 1914); (Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution, 1915); (An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms if its Perpetuation, 1917); (The Higher Learning in America, 1918); (. The Vested Interests and the Common Man, 1919); (The Engineers and the Price System, 1921); : (Absentee Ownership and Business Enterprise in Recent Times: The Case of America, 1923). , : . : , 1984; . : , 2007. 288 ISBN 978-5-7759-0447-1
1857
(Lucy Bacon)
. , -, . - , , -. 1892 . , , - , . , . , .
1896 . -, . , . 1898 - Vickery, Atkins and Torrey. 1905 , . 1909 -. . - 17 1932 .
: William Gerdts, Will South: California Impressionism. Abbeville, New York 1998; Edan Hughes: Artists in California, 17861940. Hughes Pub. Co., San Francisco 1989.

1857
( Léon-Ignace Mangin)
- , , , , . , , . 5 1875 . 1882 . 31 1886 . 1890 , 240 . 1900 , . 18991900 . , . , , , . 15 1900 , . 20 1900 . . - . . 1901 .
17 1955 XII 1 2000 II 120 . 9 .
: Société de Jésus Evêché de lArchidiocèse de Strasbourg Communauté de paroisses du Rosenmeer Catholic Encyclopedia Osservatore Romano (Saint-Siège) MX; George G. Christian OP, Augustine Zhao Rong and Companions, Martyrs of China, 2005, 65.

1858
- (1915), (19131914) 2- (19161917); . . , - (18261900). : ( 1852), ( 1854), ( 1863), ( 1869) ( 1871). - , . , , , (, ). , . 13 1874; . 1877 , 1881 ( ). 1899 , , - , 1903, ( ). 1910 : - ; - , 1915 . - 18771878 , 5- . 1883 1884 . 1886 . 1888 : 1888 1891 6- . 1894 2- : (5 11 23 ). ( 1899 1900), . 20 1903 1- , : 1910; II. ; 20 1904 , . : , , , , , , , , , . , , : , , ; IV . 1910 1- . 1912 3- , 1913 ( 1914 ). 1914 : . 1915 . 1915 1916 5- , , . 2- : 1916 , 1917 . : 1921 . . 13 1926 .
: III (1895); IV (1879): ; III (1901) (1904); II (1906); (1907) : 19 1908; II (1904); IV (1906); III (1909); I (1913) (1916); ; (1909).
: : (18261900) - ; . - 6 1882; 1874 1881 (18741881). III ; 809 ; (): ( 15 1852) (1889), ; 3- ( 1886). III 8 1873 . (). , ; : ϸ ( 1872), ( 1883) ( 1885); (): (11 1854 1918) - (1906), ( ). 2- ( 1894) ( 1906); IV (1905). , ; ( 1884); (): (18 1863 19 1916) - (1894), ( ). 1888 . 6- (1891), - (1894). , ; ( 1894); , 1905 , .
: ., .. // . 18911945: . : ; - , 2007. 676 ISBN 978-5-85887-259-7; .. // . : , 2007. 544 ISBN 978-5-903473-05-2; - 19041905 . // / - .., ... : , 2012. 384 ISBN 978-5-7689-0281-0; .. 1- // 1- ( 1895 .) / .., .., ... : , 2007. 76 . ISBN 978-966-8246-75-3.
: . 38. 1. 386.
1860
, 37- , . , , - . 1- - . 24 1876 1- , 28 1878 24- . 1 1880 30 1880 . 1882 , 1884 1- , 6 1884 -. , 21 ; 10 1885 . 15 1887 , 13 1888 13 1889 43- . 13 1890 - . 16 1891 - 42- . 13 19 1893 166- . 29 1894 , 6 1898 42- , 20 1901 131- . 27 1903 19 -. 10 1905 21- , 11 1908 60- . 16 1910 - 46- . 1914 . 8 1914 C IV . 7 1915 19- , . 29 1916 37- , 7- 12- . - . - . 28 1917 . , - , - 19141918 . 1920 . 1920 . 23 1939 . - .
: III (1881 ); III (1886 ); II (1891 ); II (1896 ); IV (1899 ); III (1903 ); I (1905 ); I (19 1909 ); II (19 1913 ); IV (8 1914 ).
: .. . I II. I. . , 2009. 461. ISBN 978-5-9524-4166-8; .. 19171922 . . , 2009. 211, 421, 543, 625, 651, 676. ISBN 978-5-85887-301-3; .. . , 2003. 218. ISBN 5-17-019670-9; . // . 1251. 21 1914; . 28 1914 . , 1914. 295; . 14 1914 . , 1914. 97.

1862
( Wilhelm August Lay)
. , . , . 1892 , (1903). ̸. 9 1926 .
. . : - , , , , ; , , , , , , . : - (), , , , , , , . , . . , . . , . , , . , , , . , , . , . , , . , , . , , . . . . - . , . .. : 1903 . .. , . , . , .., , , , . .. , .. , .. . , , , - , , , . , , , , , , . .. , . . .. , , , . . . .. , , ; , , . .. , . .. , . , , , , , , .. . . 1910 . .. , , , , . , , . .. , . , XX . .
.
. , ( ), . , , () 4 1936 . , . 1936 .
(Lay), (18621926), , . . , - () 4/VII 1936
<>
, . , - , ,' [ , () 4 1936, . 5 1936, 183 (6789)]. . . . , , - - . , (19141918) .
: ; . ; Im goldenen Kinderland; Fuehrer durch das erste Schuljahr; Die Lebensgemeinschaftsschule; Volkserziehung; Rechtschreibschule.
: .. : , , .- , 2003.- 141; : XX ./ ...- , 2001; / ..-.- ., 2003.

1862
, (1915). , , - . II . (18361892). . 1881 . - . 1887 - . 20 1887 XIV . - (26 1889 5 1891). 8 1892 . ( 29 1892). 1894 . (1896). 15 1900 - 1- . 1902 18- . - . , , , . -. 23 1907 - . - (1912). 1912 , 1913 . , . - . 1915 . 1915 , . 26-29 1916 , 28 . ( ) II ( ). 1916 . . .. 15 1917 .. . , . , - , - . , , . . , . 1917 ; .

, , , - , 19041905 . , ; - , . 1919 , , .. . , 1918 , 1919 - , . . : . . , . , . Ÿ ! . . 1919. 40. 1919 , , , . , , . 5 , , . , , , . , , , , . , , , . 17 1919 10 . , . 24 . .., .., ..-, .., ... 5 1919 , - , 10 . , , - , . , 26 , . , 17 , 25 , . 26 . , , , , . , - : - , , . , 10 , . 17 100 . 5 1919 : . ( , , ). 500 . 11 1919 . . - , , . . . ( ) 25 50 , 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 100, 500 1000 . , , , . , : , , , , . - 1919 . 28 - , 4 , 4 6 , ; 12 , - , , , . ( ). , . . , . - 21 , 22 . , . - . 22 1920 - . , 227 000 . 28 - , . 24 1920 , .. 25 . . , . , , . , ---. . ; . .., .., .., .., ... 5 1933 . , .
. .
1920 : . 9 3 . , 19191920. 15 1920 . ( - ). 1930- , , . , . , , . 21 1991 . - - ( ) . 20 2008 - .
: III (1889); III (1893); II (1895); II (1900); IV (21 1904); III (1906); I (1906); ( 11 1906); I (14 1909); II (7 1913; 22 1913); IV ; III . , , , , .; (1915 .); (1916 .); II (2 1916); .
: .. : - . 504 . 2002 ISBN 5-85887-130-5; .. . : , 2003. 896 . 5000 . ISBN 5-271-06895-1. : . ..