Cystitis is a disease of the genitourinary system (inflammation of the urinary tract and bladder).

It is characterized by frequent and painful urination.

To determine the etiology of cystitis, bacterial culture of urine

and a smear from the urethra are performed.

Everyone is susceptible to cystitis, but more often women suffer from it,

which is caused by the peculiarities of the anatomical structure.

Classification

There are several signs by which this disease is classified.

Classification of cystitis by type of pathogen:

• bacterial - can be caused by clamydia, gonorrhea, staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, etc .;
• non-bacterial - caused by the body's reactions to allergens,
• taking medications, toxins, etc.

Classification according to the course of the disease:

• chronic - the constant course of the disease in a latent or recurrent form;
• acute - characterized by sharp outbreaks of pronounced typical symptoms.

Classification by type of organ change:

• catarrhal - cystitis occurs exclusively within the mucous membrane of the bladder,
• ulcerative - appears as a result of pathological changes in the bladder,
• for example, the appearance of stones in it,
• cystic - against the background of the appearance of cysts
• in the mucous membrane and bladder, etc.

Classification by location of the pathological process:

• cystitis of the mucous membrane of the bladder;
• cystitis of the submucosal layer;
• cystitis of the muscular layer.

However, the greatest attention should be paid to the acute and chronic form of the disease.

Acute cystitis

The acute form of the disease most often manifests itself as an uncomplicated urinary tract

infection that occurs without changes in the structure of the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract.

As a rule, patients who have been diagnosed with acute cystitis do not have

any serious concomitant diseases.

In other words, such cystitis, often, manifests itself in an isolated form and in this case

it is called primary.

Acute cystitis that occurs against the background of pathological changes

in the bladder is called secondary.

Most vulnerable to it are girls and women aged 20 to 40 years

- about 30% of thirty-year-old women have suffered this disease.

Men are subject to the acute form much less often -

for 10 thousand healthy representatives of the stronger sex,

there are only 7 patients with this diagnosis.

Acute cystitis is characterized by short-term clinical symptoms

that manifest themselves throughout the week.

However, with this form of the disease, the symptoms are relatively obvious and bright.

There is a strong discomfort and soreness to the point that it

is very difficult for the patient to lead a daily life:

to attend work, pay attention to hobbies, carry out any physical activity (play sports, etc.).

Most often, the causative agents of acute cystitis are coagulazonegative staphylococci and gram-negative enterobacteria, in other words, the disease has a bacterial nature of origin.

Often, the disease occurs due to the weakening of the body's defenses, as a result of promiscuity, etc.

Chronic

The presence of immunodeficiency of various origins contributes to a change in the form of cystitis from acute to chronic. In this regard, isolated chronic cystitis occurs as a result of ignored acute.

Much more often, the chronic form of cystitis accompanies various bacterial infections and pathologies of the genital and urethra system (especially in the female sex).

As a rule, this form of the disease requires conservative therapy, but in some cases surgical intervention may be required (for example, removal of a bladder stone).

Depending on the nature of the clinical course, chronic cystitis is divided into:

• Chronic latent cystitis. It is expressed in an asymptomatic course for a long period of time, with rare (no more than twice a year) or frequent exacerbations. Often, latent cystitis does not bother the patient, and there are cases when it is detected by specialists accidentally during some other examination.
• Interstitial cystitis. As a rule, this type of disease is accompanied by pathological processes of the urinary system occurring in the body. It does not have a bacterial nature of origin, but it is more difficult to treat.
• Persistent cystitis. A type of disease that occurs against the background of acute cystitis and advanced infections.

As a result of the constant inflammatory process, the mucous membrane undergoes structural changes, against which chronic cystitis acquires other forms:

• polyposis;
• ulcerative;
• necrotic;
• inlaid;
• cystic.

Among other things, chronic cystitis is also an allergic reaction.