Men
Despite the fact that men are less susceptible to cystitis,
they have their own specific causes of the disease:
- stagnation of urine, characteristic of existing mechanical obstacles to outflow
- (for example, foreign bodies and stones in the bladder, tumors, diverticula, etc.);
- phimosis is a disease in which the foreskin is narrowed;
- infectious cystitis in men often accompany prostatitis, urethritis, orchitis and other diseases;
- the inflammatory process in the bladder or urinary canals
- can be the result of infection migrating from the urethra,
- prostate, testicle, appendage, seminal vesicles.
There is a list of factors not related to the genitourinary system,
in which the chance of cystitis in a man increases significantly:
- diabetes mellitus;
- stress;
- alcohol abuse;
- abundance of spicy food;
- after spinal injury;
- transurethral surgery;
- Hypothermia.
Concomitant symptoms
Regardless of the sex of the patient, cystitis is accompanied by a certain list of symptoms.
For the acute and chronic form of the disease, the symptoms vary.
Symptoms of acute cystitis
Symptoms of acute cystitis are the hallmark of the disease:
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Discomfort. Itching and burning during urination is a classic manifestation of cystitis. As a rule, these symptoms indicate an infectious or allergic nature of the origin of the disease.
As a rule, this symptom alone is enough for a specialist to suspect cystitis. Therefore, if visiting the toilet began to bring discomfort, immediately consult a doctor.
- Pain. Pain in the perineum and lower abdomen is also common in people who have been diagnosed with cystitis. The degree of soreness can vary depending on the form of the disease, the cause of origin, etc. - from the complete absence of any painful sensations (only 10% of patients can boast of this), to piercing, sharp, "dagger" pain, echoes of which can be felt in the rectum and back.
- Urine. Often during cystitis, a modification of urine is also noticed: it can acquire an unnatural shade, from pale pink to brick.
- Blood. Sometimes cystitis is accompanied by blood secreted during urination, which indicates a viral lesion of the mucous membrane. This type of cystitis is called hemorrhagic.
Often, in patients with an acute form of cystitis, other symptoms are noticed, not so much directly indicating the disease:
- temperature about 37-38 degrees;
- regular headaches;
- fatigue.
Chronic form
In general, chronic cystitis is characterized by an asymptomatic course with rare exacerbations that have symptoms of an acute form. Symptoms of the chronic form of the disease directly depend on the type of this cystitis.
Catarrhal chronic cystitis is characterized by the following symptoms:
- frequent urination;
- urination is accompanied by sharp pain;
- feeling of pain in the lower abdomen;
- in rare cases, there may be blood impurities in the urine.
Persistent chronic cystitis is asymptomatic, but only in cases where the reservoir function of the bladder is not impaired.
Interstitial cystitis has its own symptoms, characteristic only for it:
- regardless of the time spent in the toilet, the feeling that the bladder is empty does not occur;
- pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis;
- dysuria;
- dyspareunia;
- nocturia;
- constant increase in pain over time.
Possible complications and consequences
Cystitis itself is not as terrible as the complications to which it can lead:
- Kidney damage. According to statistics, more than 90% of cases of untreated cystitis lead to pyelonephritis and nephritis, as well as to renal failure.
- Urine circulation. Among women, a frequent manifestation of cystitis is the movement of urine from the bladder back to the kidneys, which is fraught with a list of negative consequences for the body.
- Weakening of the sphincter of the bladder. A person does not fully control his urination, which is fraught with psychological discomfort.
- Chronic form. Untreated cystitis in a timely manner often turns into a chronic form, accompanied by regular inflammation.
- Reducing the size of the bladder. Ineffective treatment of cystitis, as well as ignoring the symptoms, leads to physiological changes in the tissues of the bladder. As a result, the organ loses its elasticity and, as a result, decreases in size.
- Infertility. Constant inflammatory processes in the female genitourinary system can be fraught with the inability to have children in the future.
Specialists and diagnostics
If characteristic symptoms are detected, then you need to visit a urologist,
who, in turn, can refer the patient to a nephrologist or gynecologist.
Diagnosis of the disease is expressed in the collection of anamnesis and examination. The urologist, often, is assigned the following list of laboratory tests:
- General blood test. The results will help to make an overall picture of the ongoing inflammatory process: whether it is a consequence of a more serious disease. However, it may not be prepentatious.
- General urine analysis. Key analysis for suspected cystitis. As a rule, such an analysis is enough to diagnose the disease and prescribe a course of treatment, if there is a need for one from the point of view of the urologist.
- Cystoscopy, urethroscopy. Research is aimed at visual study of the state of the mucous membrane of the canals and bladder. Uncomfortable, but revealing.
- Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the bladder. Search for changes in the physiological structure of the urinary system.
Based on the collected research results and anamnesis, a specialist will prescribe suitable treatment.
Treatment
The disease responds well enough to treatment, the main thing is that it should be prescribed by a competent urologist (gynecologist, nephrologist).
Nutrition
The diet for cystitis is selected in such a way that it contains as many products as possible that have diuretic properties.
You should adhere to the golden rule of water: consume at least two liters of liquid per day.
There is a list of products recommended for consumption with cystitis:
- Tea. Weak green, black, herbal teas in as much as possible.
- Juices and fruit drinks. It is better to use as many liquids as possible with a fruit and vegetable base: juices, compotes, etc.
- Mineral water. Mineral water with chloride-calcium composition is best suited.
- Fruit. Despite its unconditional overall benefit, with cystitis, fruits are especially good (grapes, pear and watermelon).
- Vegetables. Asparagus, celery, pumpkin, cabbage, carrots, etc. are excellent helpers for the disease.
- Milk. It is necessary to lean not only on the milk itself, but also on all its derivatives - kefir, cottage cheese, unsallown cheese, etc.
- Fish and meat. When choosing from the entire range, attention should be stopped on low-fat varieties (beef, chicken, carp, pike, etc.).
- Honey. At the time of treatment (and for prevention), it is better to replace sugar with natural honey.
- Cereals. It is best to use whole grain species for cystitis.
- Bran. Especially effective in combination with dairy products: a tablespoon of rye bran and a glass of kefir at night is an excellent choice for a late dinner.
- Olive oil. Useful in itself, with cystitis it is even more relevant. It's hard to find a salad dressing better than olive oil.
- Pine nuts. A useful delicacy and snack for cystitis.
However, there is a list of products that are best avoided with cystitis:
- alcohol;
- strong drinks (both coffee and tea);
- saturated broths (all except vegetable);
- spicy spices (garlic, pepper, curry, etc.);
- salty;
- fried;
- smoked;
- sour (including sour fruits);
- canned products;
- products with artificial dyes.
Also, products that irritate the mucous membrane should be excluded from the diet:
- horseradish;
- cauliflower;
- tomatoes;
- green salad;
- radish;
- radish;
- onion;
- celery;
- sorrel.
Drugs
As a rule, with cystitis, a urologist (or other specialist) prescribes antibiotics. The most popular and effective among them:
- Monural. Perhaps the most popular and prescribed drug for cystitis. There are cases when it is prescribed even without a confirmed diagnosis. Effective only in the acute form of the disease.
- Nolicin. Broad-spectrum antibiotic. This drug is prescribed only if other antibiotics were ineffective.
- Palin. Antibiotic quinolone group. Most often it is prescribed for ascending infection.
- Nitroxoline. An effective drug prescribed as an analogue of other, more expensive, drugs.
- Nevigramon. Extremely effective medicine, but at the same time very expensive - the cost can be up to 2,500 rubles.
- Furagin. Inexpensive, but effective drug. Take if there is intolerance to other active substances.
- Furadonin. Perhaps the most inexpensive drug. Effective in non-launched forms of acute cystitis.
- Rulid. It is especially appreciated due to its powerful antibacterial effect. However, it has a number of side effects and contraindications, in this regard, it should be prescribed exclusively by a specialist.
Folk remedies
For a speedy recovery, you can accompany drug treatment with traditional medicine:
- Cranberry. Freshly squeezed cranberry juice effectively inhibits the inflammatory process that occurs in a mild form. A small glass of drink should be taken several times a day.
- Parsley seeds. A teaspoon of curly parsley seeds should be poured with a glass of chilled boiled water and insisted for at least 10 hours. Strained broth is taken 20 milliliters for several days every 2-3 hours.
- Camomile. From dried flowers you need to make an infusion, pouring two liters of boiling water 4 tablespoons of the plant. The resulting broth after half an hour strain and pour into a basin, adding warm water. You can also add calendula to the infusion in a ratio of 1: 1 with chamomile. You need to sit in such a bath until the water cools down. Repeat the procedure no more than four times a day.
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Essential oils. Effective in combination with a bath with sea salt. For 1 cup of salt, you will need 2 drops of sandalwood and juniper and 3 drops of eucalyptus. You need to sit in the bath for about 10 minutes, you can repeat it several times a day.
Baths with the addition of juniper are categorically contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Cowberry. 2 teaspoons of dry lingonberry leaves should be poured with a glass of boiling water and simbered in a water bath for about 15 minutes. The resulting broth insist for two hours, after which you can take half a glass before meals four times a day.
With another effective remedy for cystitis based on millet, you can see from this video:
General recommendations
You should follow the general recommendations in order to get rid of cystitis as soon as possible:
- Undercooling. In no case can not be overcooled: the delicate area must be kept warm. This is especially true for the fair sex.
- Underwear. It is recommended to change the underwear to cotton, breathable.
- Hygiene. During the treatment of cystitis, as much attention as possible should be paid to the cleanliness of the intimate zone in order to prevent the further appearance and reproduction of bacteria that can aggravate an already difficult situation.
