IARC has categorised paving asphalt fumes as a Class 2B attainable carcinogen, indicating inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Word or phrase Explanation Damp-proof course A horizontal strip, often created from plastic or bitumen felts, built into the wall at the top of no less Bitumen RC3000 than 15cm above floor stage. Damp-proof membrane A sheet of material, impervious to water, laid beneath the concrete ground. This should be related with the damp-proof course, in order that the house is effectively sealed and protected against groundwater.

One for committed volumes over usually 10 – 20 years and one for uncommitted quantity. In each case, the minimum daily batch is 20,000/bbls per day which might require about sixty seven,000/bbls per day of bitumen manufacturing to mix with on a 30/70 ratio. Since a pipeline toll of $12.05 in this mix ratio would solely transfer 70% of a barrel of bitumen, simply divide the toll by 0.7 to normalize to 1 barrel. CSR INITIATIVES IndianOil takes concrete motion to realise its social responsibility aims and builds worth for its shareholders and prospects.
There are some concrete sealants mentioned in the next part you could apply to concrete tile, nevertheless, repairing and changing is the really helpful answer. There are a number of issues to bear in mind that depend upon the type of roof you currently have. Whatever kind you could have, remember to seek advice from a certified Bitumen RC250 supplier specialist who works particularly with the material. Flat roof coatings will cost between $0.15 to $2.00 per square foot for materials and an additional $0.50 to $three.00 per square foot for labor as broken down in the cost per sq. foot section above. This price is for a coating over a pre-current roof system, similar to a rubber membrane or steel roof. Liquid EPDM creates a monolithic roofing system versus EPDM sheets that create seams.
Areas paved with asphalt concrete—especially airport aprons—have been known as "the tarmac" at occasions, despite not being constructed using the tarmacadam process. Polymer-modified asphalt crack sealers are gaining in recognition, and many different asphalt modifiers are being developed. Modifiers are added to manage pavement rutting, cracking, asphalt oxidation, and water damage.

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Some dump vans route the hot engine exhaust through pipes in the dump physique to maintain the fabric warm. The backs of tippers carrying asphalt, as well as some dealing with tools, are additionally commonly sprayed with a releasing agent before filling to assist launch. Diesel oil is not used as a release agent due to environmental issues. Roofing shingles and roll roofing account for many of the remaining asphalt consumption.
caustic soda soap is more of a problem for silty or clay soils than sandy or gravelly soils. Some jurisdictions move frost legal guidelines to cut back the allowable weight of vehicles through the spring thaw season and shield their roads. This contains the construction of utility trenches and appurtenances which might be positioned within the pavement after building. Lack of compaction within the surface of the asphalt, especially on the longitudinal joint can scale back the lifetime of a pavement by 30 to 40%. Asphalt concrete generates much less roadway noise than a Portland cement concrete surface, and is often much less noisy than chip seal surfaces.

• To prolong the life of your roof and guarantee the very best quality seal, work with knowledgeable roofing contractor.

After centuries of silence, the first mentions of Albanian bitumen appeared solely in 1868, when the Frenchman Coquand printed the primary geological description of the deposits of Albanian bitumen. In 1875, the exploitation rights have Bitumen supplier in UAE been granted to the Ottoman authorities and in 1912, they were transferred to the Italian company Simsa. A variety of technologies enable asphalt to be applied at mild temperatures.

Slowly shifting autos stress the road over an extended time period, rising ruts, cracking, and corrugations within the asphalt pavement. With regard to structural efficiency, the asphalt behaviour is determined by a wide range of factors together bitumen prices today with the material, loading and environmental condition. Therefore, the long-term behaviour of asphalt pavement is totally different from its quick-term efficiency. The LTPP is a analysis program by the FHWA, which is particularly specializing in long-time period pavement behaviour.

A 2020 research found that the addition of 5% RAS to a mixture with a soft, low-grade virgin binder considerably increased the combination’s rutting resistance whereas sustaining sufficient fatigue cracking resistance. RAS could also be obtained by asphalt plants as publish-producer waste directly from shingle factories, or they might be obtained as post-consumer waste on the end of their service life. Processing of RAS contains grinding the shingles and sieving the grinds to take away outsized particles. The grinds can also be screened with a magnetic sieve to remove nails and different metal debris.
The following desk provides an idea of the costs involved in DPC injection. If you live in an older property, you most likely gained’t have a DPC, or it’s produced from bitumen impregnated hessian that deteriorates over time. Modern homes with their good insulation and draughtproofing tend to produce areas of nonetheless air which makes the issue worse. Ensure you open windows and allow the damp air to flee, look behind wardrobes and cupboards for black patches and wipe down with diluted bleach. Water from the outside seeping via the walls causes this kind.
Natural Gas Natural Gas has emerged as the 'fuel of selection' and has vital cost benefits over different fuels. Bitumen IndianOil produces bitumen in bulk as well as packed in steel drums. Marine Bunker Fuels IndianOil caters to all kinds of bunker fuels and lubricants for vessels working all through the world. sodium hydroxide in plastic container -Fuel Alliances The non-gas exercise allows IndianOil to market the merchandise of reputed corporations through countrywide community of Indane distributorships. It’s typically accepted that any studying above 16% is taken into account damp.
The abbreviation, AC, is usually used for asphalt concrete however also can denote asphalt content or asphalt cement, referring to the liquid asphalt portion of the composite materials. 1 The refining process starts by piping the crude petroleum from a storage tank into a warmth exchanger or tube heater the place its temperature is rapidly raised for preliminary distillation. It then enters an atmospheric distillation tower where the lighter and extra volatile parts, or fractions, vaporize and are drawn off through a collection of condensers and coolers.

The leveling effect of sodium hydroxide helps regulate exterior influences which may have otherwise modified wholesome pH levels. A widespread example is the mixture of residual oils on one’s hands launched to the conditioning product upon application. On a micro scale, sodium hydroxide is credited with eliminating proteins and nucleic acids whereas disabling most viruses it comes into contact with. The chemical additionally eradicates yeasts, fungi, and endotoxins. Because of its efficacy in removing caustic soda 1kg price microorganisms, sodium hydroxide is usually leveraged within the medical business as a critical sanitation part. The great thing about sodium hydroxide to be used in cleaning lies in its capability to transmute onerous grease and fat buildup– attributed to clogging drains– into dissolvable soap.

• According to the Tokyo-based mostly Japan Soda Industry Association, home caustic soda month-end inventories fell under the extent a yr in the past for 9 consecutive months through July.
• When most pipes are clogged it's with a combination of fats and grease.

Some sodium chloride precipitates and is eliminated by fitration. The answer is vacuum evaporated at 40–50 °C and 1–2 mmHg till the dihydrate crystallizes out. The crystals are vacuum-dried to provide a free-flowing crystalline powder. Commercial solutions always comprise significant quantities of sodium chloride as the main by-product, as seen in the equation above. Rinsing with a 5 mg/L answer, adopted by washing with soap and water, will remove chlorine odor from the hands.
Used throughout a large number of industries, some functions of sodium hydroxide embody textiles, soap and cleaning merchandise, paper, aluminum processing, petroleum, and bleach production. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a particularly caustic white stable that readily dissolves in water. Sodium hydroxide is used within the manufacture of soaps, rayon, and paper, in petroleum refining, and in homes as drain cleaners and oven cleaners. Sodium hydroxide is likely one of the strongest bases generally utilized in business. Solutions of sodium hydroxide in water are on the upper limit of the pH scale.

Prices Of Sodium Hydroxide

pH scale—A scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. It ranges from 0 to 14, with pH's beneath seven being acidic and higher than 7 being fundamental . pH's less than 2 or larger than 12 may be caustic to human tissue. Oven cleaners work by converting constructed up grease into soap, which may then be dissolved and wiped off with a moist sponge. Since it's relatively hard to get hold of this chemical, you may must buy in bulk.

Avoiding the environmental issues within the extraction of aluminium from the bauxite. Saving of raw supplies and significantly electrical energy by not having to extract the aluminium from the bauxite. Recycling aluminium uses solely about 5% of the power used to extract it from bauxite. If you aren't sure about the various environmental issues like acid rain, international warming and the like, the easiest website to find out about them is the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Affected by the epidemic, there is no apparent improvement in downstream demand.The market transactions are gentle, and the price reduction of enterprises mainly promotes transactions. It is anticipated that the caustic soda market will run weakly in the short term. Loss of landscape due caustic soda flakes to mining, processing and transporting the bauxite. The high cost of the method due to the large quantities of electrical energy it uses. This is so high as a result of to supply 1 mole of aluminium which solely weighs 27 g you want three moles of electrons.

Sodium hydroxide is incessantly used as an industrial cleaning agent where it's often referred to as "caustic". It is added to water, heated, and then used to clean process gear, storage tanks, and so forth. It can dissolve grease, oils, fats and protein-primarily based deposits. It can also be used for cleaning waste discharge pipes underneath sinks and drains in domestic properties. Surfactants may be added to the sodium hydroxide solution in order to stabilize dissolved substances and thus prevent redeposition. A sodium hydroxide soak answer is used as a powerful degreaser on chrome steel and glass bakeware.
We manufacture and provide all kinds of sodium hydroxide merchandise, including standard and reagent solutions in pack sizes from 2.5L containers to 1000L IBCs. We also have sodium hydroxide pellets, sodium hydroxide pearl and sodium hydroxide flake for sale. In phrases of appearance, sodium hydroxide is typically offered as a white stable, presented in flakes, pellets or granular form. It’s very soluble in water, mildly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in ether and different non-polar solvents. When added to water, it releases a large amount of warmth in a extremely exothermic reaction, which can turn out to be harmful if appropriate security measures usually are not followed.
As properly as growing the corrosion resistance of the aluminium, this film is porous at this stage and will also take up dyes. (It is additional handled to make it utterly non-porous afterwards.) That means that you on yahoo can make aluminium articles with the color built into the surface. resists corrosion due to the sturdy skinny layer of aluminium oxide on its surface. caustic soda online could be strengthened further by anodising the aluminium.
Average North American low spot export prices of caustic soda over the interval. Average North American contract prices of pipe grade polyvinyl chloride ("PVC") over the interval. As stated by IHS, "the contract resin prices posted mirror an "index" or "market" for prices earlier caustic soda liquid than discounts, rebates, incentives, and so on." Average North American Net Transaction prices of polyethylene low density GP-Film grade over the period.

It is a highly caustic base and alkali product, and if in contact with the skin can cause severe burns. It is a flexible product that may be present in a wide range of processes. Sodium hydroxide is a highly versatile substance used to make a wide range of on a regular basis products, corresponding to paper, aluminum, commercial drain and oven cleaners, and soap and detergents. Sodium hydroxide is used to manufacture soaps and a wide range of detergents used in houses and commercial applications. Chlorine bleach is produced by combining chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

• Do not use very chilly or hot water as a result of excessive reactivity of caustic. • Do not add water to the caustic as it's going to cause a violent reaction. Most drilling contractors in offshore or onshore sites caustic soda manufacturers use traditional strategies for mixing caustic soda. This contains using a 55-gal barrel with a connected paddle to facilitate mixing operations.

Merchandise

The historic Romans used volcanic ash to make lye, which they used as a cleaning agent. sodium hydroxide and is also referred to as lye, is a strong alkaline inorganic compound. It is used both as a reagent or as an ingredient in all kinds of products. One method of diluting the soda's power is by dissolving it in water before caustic soda exporter pouring it down the toilet. Therefore, add a few kilogram of caustic soda to a few litres or gallons of water whereas keeping your nose and eyes safely coated. caustic soda soap is a co-product of the chlorine manufacturing process.
Not that you would, but don't drink it or depart it where children or pets would possibly get into it. Basically, follow the protection precautions listed on the container. Caustic soda is used in a number of applications by the petroleum and natural fuel business for production and within the processing of products. It is an important component of most drilling muds, and can be utilized in alkaline flooding of oil fields for enhanced petroleum restoration. Acidic water is corrosive and “soft”; treating water with caustic soda stabilizes the water’s pH while eradicating heavy metals similar to lead and zinc from the water. Caustic soda can also be used within the production of sodium hypochlorite which is used to disinfect water.
The sodium ions react with water in the mercury cell to produce the caustic soda which is usually 33-35% by weight. Evaporation is used, much like the diaphragm technique, to push the caustic concentration to round 50% by weight. It ought to be noted that small quantities of salt can migrate throughout the membrane elevating the final stage of “contamination.” This caustic is typically known as Membrane Grade. In accordance with moral concerns, this research was accredited by the Ethics and Protocol Review Committee of the School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana.
This spray works as i work in a chemical plant and just used it on myself. If you don't have this product water ideally cool to cold is the easiest way, that is why chemical compounds crops have safety showers and eyewash stations. Market.us market analysis company based mostly on the next procedures or strategies used to determine sodium hydroxide, choose, process and analyze information about a caustic soda market. The experienced research professionals and marketing consultant group have developed an exhaustive research methodology. Various parameters corresponding to Macro-Economic Factors, Micro-Economic Factors, Technology and Innovation, Value Chain and market dynamics are evaluated for every market.

• It is also used to provide sodium hypochlorite, which in turn is used to disinfect water.
• thirteen FEATURES DIAPHRAGM CELL • In the diaphragm cell process, there are two compartments separated by a permeable diaphragm.

Subsequent decomposition of the sodium amalgam with water gives an essentially chloride-free sodium hydroxide resolution. A drawback in this process is using mercury as cathode material, which requires particular measures for stopping environmental pollution by mercury. The market in Asia Pacific is rising considerably because of rising consumption of the product across industries such as aluminum and textiles.

What Are The Indicators And Symptoms Of Caustic Soda Poisoning?

Caustic soda flakes uses Caustic soda flakes has many uses in different industries for producing completely different merchandise so it is rather important for all international locations. Actually scarcity of this materials will have Serious injury for various industries. Ciner (pronounced ‘jin-ner’) Resources Corporation, is the world’s largest producer of pure soda ash. We are headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with our state-of-the-artwork production facility situated in Green River, Wyoming. Ciner has been producing excessive-quality soda ash since 1962.

Chloralkali process has been in use since the nineteenth century and is a main trade in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan.It has turn into the principal source of chlorine through the 20th century. The membrane cell process is a superior technique in its vitality efficiency and lack of dangerous caustic soap chemical compounds. Usually the method is performed on a brine , during which case NaOH, hydrogen, and chlorine result. When utilizing calcium chloride or potassium chloride, the products comprise calcium or potassium as a substitute of sodium.
https://hays36hays.bladejournal.com/post/2021/03/03/Flashpoint-Testing used this chemical to turn dead our bodies into soap. In Mexico, a man who worked for drug cartels admitted disposing of over 300 bodies with it. Sodium hydroxide can also be produced by combining pure sodium metallic with water.
This might end in antagonistic product efficiency in sure functions and create dust issues during handling and storage. When discharging soda ash from a hopper car, it’s a good suggestion sodium hydro xide manufacturer to supply canvas sleeve adapters between the automobile’s discharge gates and the hopper under the monitor. This will assist present a constant feed into the hopper and make for a cleaner discharging process.

Asia Pacific is estimated to be the biggest Caustic Soda Market followed by North America and Europe because of robust existence of crude oil reserves. In Europe, Germany, Russia, and Spain are predicted to register a powerful development on account of super demand for Caustic Soda in textile manufacturing. In Asia Pacific, nations such as China, India, and South Korea are the fastest growing market for Caustic Soda, and is estimated to develop with the identical tempo over the forecast period.
food grade sodium hydroxide ='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' 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" width="256px" alt="caustic soda application"/>
The world Caustic Soda market was valued at US$ XX.X Mn in 2018 and is projected to extend considerably at a CAGR of x.x% from 2019 to 2028. Applicable to every kind of reactive dyes, it has excessive shade yield and reproducibility for reactive dyes of varied constructions; it is suitable for numerous equipments, especially in low bathtub ratio and aerosol dyeing machine, it exhibits its distinctive superiority. In the production of cheese yarn, the internal and outer layer difference may be successfully solved. is used instead of soda ash for fixing, and even if the amount of 1/10 is substituted for soda ash, sufficient color yield could be assured. Inadvertent addition of caustic soda during operation may have no impact on fiber coloration. Our product range contains a variety of rayalaseema caustic soda flakes, grasim caustic soda flakes, caustic soda, caustic flakes, gacl caustic soda flakes and dcm shriram caustic soda flakes.
The research presents data on global markets including historic and future tendencies for supply, market dimension, prices, buying and selling, competition, and worth chain in addition to international major vendors data. pure sodium hydroxide accommodates a complete study of critical elements corresponding to the most important driving forces, challenges, and opportunities that govern the business dynamics. China holds a distinguished caustic soda price per ton share in the caustic soda market across the area and is expected to dominate the market during the interval of forecast. China and India are the major countries producing natural chemical compounds within the Asia-Pacific region. With the growing production of polycarbonate, methanol, polyurethane, epoxy resin, acetic acid, and so on., the demand for caustic soda increases considerably in the Asia-Pacific area.
Grasim Industries, part of Aditya Birla Group, has increased caustic soda capacity by sixty seven p.c to 356,000 tons per 12 months. Nalco and GACL will additional enhance the domestic supply by contributing around 267,000 tons per 12 months by 2020. They can assault metals and destroy skin if spilled, so their containers are labeled with a warning symbol. Al-Kout produces a high-grade product to serve the growing international market by supplying lye in 25%, 32%, and 50% concentrations. sodium hydroxide suppliers is distributed in bulk through street tankers, IBCs, or drums of varied sizes and flakes in 25 kg polythene bags. Caustic soda, chemically referred to as Sodium Hydroxide , is a colorless, viscous, corrosive liquid.

Caustic Soda Lye

Treatment of textile with caustic soda lends larger tensile power and luster to the material. Caustic soda is a by-product of the chlorine manufacturing process, and as a result, decrease production charges for chlorine may have an opposed impact on the production of caustic soda within the coming years. We adhere to the highest requirements of security and assure the purity of our chemical merchandise. Headquartered in Germany, Brenntag delivers chemical products to customers across the globe and has an unparalleled popularity within the industry. For extra information about buying caustic soda or the opposite chemical compounds we provide, contact considered one of our representatives.

• They can attack metals and destroy pores and skin if spilled, so their containers are labeled with a warning symbol.

This characteristic makes it best to be used in making of detergents and processes where water is used. In addition, the crystals can be utilized to dry rooms of moisture due to its anhydrous nature. This is an alkali, which is a mix of sodium cations and hydroxide anions .
Designer model Louis Vuitton shared details about Regina King's glowing robe ahead of the 2021 Golden Globes. The fourth Twenty20 cricket international between New Zealand and Australia has been shifted and the primary weekend of racing within the America’s Cup sailing match has been postponed after new COVID-19 circumstances caustic soda prices 2020 have been reported in Auckland on Saturday. Sunday with journey restrictions into and out of New Zealand’s largest metropolis, strict limits on public gatherings, and a ban on sports events.

In the case where the aqueous sodium hydroxide answer contains sodium chlorate in addition to sodium chloride, the sodium chlorate content of the crystals may be beneath the detection limit of 10 mg/kg. The residual salt content material could be decided titrimetrically or ion-chromatographically-/conductometrically. Melting of the crystals in accordance with the current invention gives a particularly pure aqueous sodium hydroxide answer. The starting resolution used is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution having an NaOH content of from 33 to 45% by weight, ideally about 38% by weight, based on the whole weight of the aqueous sodium hydroxide resolution.

Caustic Soda Market Size forecast by areas and international locations from 2021 to 2027 of Caustic Soda business. Caustic Soda Market Forecast by areas, type and application, with sales and income, from 2021 to 2027. For more details about purchasing Caustic Soda Flakes/Prills or the other chemical compounds we provide, Contact us now on your requirements and considered one of our representatives from the group of specialists will help you. We are one of the few chemical suppliers that observe a buyer-driven approach always.
Caustic Soda, also called Sodium Hydroxide, varieties a robust alkaline solution when dissolved in water. ICL produces Caustic Soda in the form of flakes, strong, liquid (31% and 50% concentration). In stable form, it's hygroscopic and as such readily absorbs water from the air. Poured concrete diking may be an effective means of secondary containment for bulk NaOH storage.
Thus, when evaporating under in any other case standard circumstances, the use of sorbitol or glycerin in place of sucrose will increase the evaporator capacity of a given system. In fact, it has been discovered attainable to operate the vacuum system of the process at 1 inch Hg better vacuum when using sorbitol than when utilizing sucrose, all different conditions being the identical. Due to the action of the recent caustic soda, some decomposion of the organic additive apparently happens concurrently with its reaction with sodium chlorate. This invention relates sodium hydroxide price to an improvement within the discount of chlorates in caustic alkali. naoh relates to a process for making caustic soda or caustic potash from electrolytic salt liquor by evaporation of the water and rapid reduction of the chlorates present within the liquor by means of sure added hydroxyl compounds. Still extra particularly, it pertains to the discount of chlorates in caustic alkali by sorbitol or glycerol, which are liquid and relatively non-risky at temperatures below one hundred fifty C.

A vase or bottle is thrown on the wheel, fairly narrow and with thick walls. After 5 minutes, the wall of the piece is stretched outward with a rib or hand. A mixture of sodium silicate and sawdust has been utilized in between the double skin of certain safes. This not solely soda flakes makes them extra hearth resistant, but in addition makes slicing them open with an oxyacetylene torch extremely troublesome due to the smoke emitted.
caustic soda sellers ='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' 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" width="252px" alt="caustic soda grades"/>
The caustic soda consumption per ton of bauxite ore is immediately proportional to the amount of reactive silica current . At decrease temperatures, solely the silica of the clay minerals is reactive in the course of the digestion. If higher temperatures are utilized, quartz will also react and enhance the caustic soda consumption. FC50ULTRA+; is a pure hybrid Caustic blend formulated to a 50% energy caustic soda shops near me specifically for the marine sector. Containing additives which improve engine efficiency whilst cleaning the exhaust flue avoiding crystallization. Fluechem presents Caustic Soda produced by way of the Chloralkali Process ensuring optimum high quality, and all deliveries carried out are accomplished in accordance with HSE being our core focus.
By chemical properties, caustic soda is a strong base, related to alkali. In sodium hydroxide for soap making where quality is vital, we supply pure alkaly pallets and we work based on good manufacturing practices . The consistency and low levels of impurities of our chemically pure alkali makes us a reliable associate to clients within the pharmaceutical, beauty, digital and food business in addition to for laboratories.

Caustic Soda Flakes Ninety Eight%

The cesspool, or holding tank for a septic system, is vulnerable to clogging. When caustic soda lye occurs, the pool fills and the septic system backs up. A backup leads to standing water and flooded bathrooms within the associated residence. Ciner (pronounced ‘jin-ner’) Resources Corporation, is the world’s largest producer of natural soda ash. We are headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with our state-of-the-art production facility positioned in Green River, Wyoming. Ciner soda ash is granular, free-flowing, and comparatively dustless.

Caustic soda is a co-product within the production of chlorine, 97% of which takes place by the electrolysis of sodium chloride. Caustic soda is produced by electrolysis of salt, and is extensively utilized in the chemical business as a basic material. It is found in products we use incessantly in day by day life such as aluminum, paper, synthetic textiles, soap, and meals.

Caustic soda could be produced by many different methods, most of which not commercially viable and only used in an academic setting to reveal certain properties to students. One example is the reaction with sodium metallic and water, producing caustic soda and hydrogen gas, which is used to point out how reactive alkali metals are. The chloralkali methodology is used by most large firms, but different reactions have been used up to now. The first giant-scale technique to provide caustic soda involved a reaction between insoluble sodium carbonate and soluble calcium hydroxide (Ca2). In chemical phrases, this type of reaction is called a metathesis reaction, involving a double replacement.
We have buying provides from Nigeria, India, Turkey, China, USA right now a complete of 89 buy presents from international caustic soda buyers at Tradewheel are waiting to attach with the most effective caustic soda supplier. Polyethylene of any type will soften and fail as a result of assault of Caustic Soda in only a few years. Most plastic tank firms do not mildew largePolypropylene tanks so they only provide the Caustic Soda tanks that they've, even when it is a poorer choice. Some could inform you about their particular liner or particular kind of polyethylene but the backside line is that it is stillpolyethylene and Caustic Soda attacks polyethylene. Polypropylene resists the chemical attack of Caustic Soda and also will deal with larger temperatures than Polyethylene. Take a have a look at a good chemical resistance guide such because the one atCole-Parmer.

• To plunge a bit of aluminium into hot sodium hydroxide resolution presents a real hazard of projections, as a result of very violent launch of hydrogen gas ensuing from the assault.

Sodium silicate can also be the technical and customary name for a mix of such compounds, chiefly the metasilicate, additionally called waterglass, water glass, or liquid glass. The product has all kinds of uses, including the formulation of cements, passive hearth safety, textile and lumber processing, manufacture of refractory ceramics, as adhesives, and in the production of silica gel. The industrial product, available in water solution or in strong form, is often greenish or blue owing to the presence of iron-containing impurities. At room temperature, sodium hydroxide is a white crystalline odorless stable that absorbs moisture from the air. When dissolved in https://telegra.ph/My-Dog-Ate-My-Foam-Bitumen-03-03 or neutralized with acid it liberates substantial warmth, which may be adequate to ignite combustible supplies. It is available in lots of forms in the business, and the most typical varieties are caustic soda flakes and caustic soda pearls.
Due to the presence of lye in quite a lot of household cleaners, the commonest route of lye publicity in humans is through unintended spills or ingestion. It can be utilized in the production of borax, sodium cyanide, oxalic acid and phenol in chemical industry. In petroleum industry, it may be utilized caustic soda buy online in refining of petroleum products. It can be used in food, glass, enamel, pharmaceutical, metallurgy, nice chemical, chemical fiber, dye, natural synthesis and different fields. “Caustic soda” is a time period that could be unfamiliar to those who haven’t labored with industrial chemical substances.
Caustic soda is used in many industries, primarily as a neutraliser of acid in water remedy and in industrial cleaning. It is also used in the manufacturing of textiles and paper, in addition to a cleaning agent in soaps and detergents. Smelting industrial manufacture of aluminum hydroxide, alumina and metallic surface treatment agent. Due to its sturdy caustic soda manufacturers causticity, protective glasses and gloves must be utilized through the using of caustic soda. which was established in 2007,famous by the nice performance and popularity in domestic chemical market.
Certain metals ought to be prevented when storing or transporting NaOH. These metals include aluminum, lead, tin, zinc, and the alloys of zinc similar to brass and bronze. Galvanized steel should also be prevented due to the presence of zinc in the protective coating. Sodium hydroxide will chemically assault these metals, releasing them into the solution where the excessive pH and presence of water results in the generation of flammable and explosive hydrogen gas.
But, the electrolyte resolution will get gradually depleted because of entrainment in the advanced gases and the addition of 3 − 5% caustic alkali turns into necessary yearly. white solid or flakes with sturdy corrosiveness,easily soluble in water, presenting alkaline resolution and heat caustic soda producers liberation,presenting deliquescence when exposed to air. Unlike the synthetic Solvay and Hou processes, Ciner uses an all-natural mining system. Our soda ash is mined from the ground and refined with no additional chemical substances. The Ciner methodology is environmentally friendly and produces a pure, high-high quality product.

Florida Laboratories has a loyal buyer base for a few years that enjoy purchasing our chemical merchandise regularly. Our longstanding customers love our products as a result of it's each pure and distinctive and created to be the very best in its class. We are also identified caustic soda cleaning for our Propylene and Vegetable Glycerin which is 100% food grade protected and Kosher. https://penzu.com/p/58c58c21 are a licensed manufacturer of professional quality Teeth Whitening products and chemicals positioned in South Florida. Highest Quality ingredients and one of the high Chemical Companies in Florida.

• This results in an increase in blood volume and blood stress.
• Black olives result from normal olives being subjected to a lye-based mostly chemical bathtub.

It is due to this fact, troublesome to assess which producer of sodium chlorate is the biggest. Sodium hypochlorite may be dangerous if blended with other family cleaners. Sodium hypochlorite solutions, similar caustic soda suppliers in Iran to bleaches, can, due to heating or by reaction with different preparations (e.g. vinegar), release toxic, gaseous chlorine. buy caustic soda may cause gasoline poisoning and loss of consciousness.

Why Buy Hydrochloric Acid (Basic Use) Online From Reagent Chemicals?

Learn the way to prepare the answer and use the nebulizer properly. If a child is using this treatment, a parent or other accountable grownup may need to assist the kid use the nebulizer correctly. If you have any questions, ask your physician, pharmacist, or respiratory therapist.

Surfactants can be added to the sodium hydroxide resolution so as to stabilize dissolved substances and thus forestall redeposition. caustic soda manufacturers in iran is used as a robust degreaser on stainless-steel and glass bakeware. Poor quality crude oil can be handled with sodium hydroxide to remove sulfurous impurities in a process generally known as caustic washing. As above, sodium hydroxide reacts with weak acids similar to hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans to yield non-volatile sodium salts, which can be eliminated. The waste which is fashioned is poisonous and difficult to take care of, and the process is banned in many international locations because of this.
However, I am continually enhancing and including to my recipes with experience. I am improving the blending method which allows using much less water in the recipes. Interesting article indeed, but I had hoped that some precise recipes would accompany the mixes.
Using the nebulizer, inhale this medicine into your lungs as directed by your doctor. To forestall infections, clean the nebulizer and mouthpiece/face mask according to the manufacturer's directions. This medication sodium hydroxide suppliers is used with a special machine referred to as a nebulizer that modifications the solution to a fine mist that you just inhale.
Net32 Vendors embrace numerous manufacturers and distributors scattered throughout the United States. Many trusted vendors have been with Net32 10 years or extra and we work with all vendors collaboratively to offer the very best quality, service, choice, and price. The merchandise caustic soda that you just buy from Net32 vendors are products that are manufactured and distributed by the manufacturers themselves, real products that you need to expect to perform as such.

Offers dry beads and 50 and 25 p.c focus caustic soda. Several packaging options available similar to 25 to 50 lbs. Industries served include agricultural, chemical, export, laboratory, and water treatment . Full-service distributor of chemical compounds, together with inorganic/organic, solvents, acids, options, & silanes.

Products for cleaning and safety of toilets containing sodium hypochlorite, which acts as a solvent for sanitary and technical deposits, are extremely popular. In households, sodium salt of chlorous acid is used to remove mildew from walls, tea stains from dishes, and other types of stains. Therefore, the most well-liked current form of sodium chlorate is its green-yellow water resolution. Sodium hypochlorite suppliers transport this substance solely in liquid form as a result of it's characterised by the best stability at ambient temperature .
The ensuing solution is normally colorless and odorless. As with sodium hydroxide for soap making , it feels slippery with pores and skin contact due to the means of saponification that happens between NaOH and natural pores and skin oils. Liquid soap are made considerably in the same manner through the use of potassium hydroxide to create a lye answer for mixing with oils. After saponification, instead of a solid bar, you'll create a semi soluble delicate soap paste.

Various mergers & acquisitions, expansions in caustic soda industry & growing chemical trade are the prime causes for Asia-pacific area being a possible market. China is the important thing player on this segment & expansions are key growth technique being adopted by high gamers in the industry. During 2016 to 2019, the market skilled regular development from alumina manufactures. High demand of Product and tight supply throughout 2017 & 2018 had led to drastic hike in prices in every region. bulk caustic soda is anticipated to witness discount because of ongoing covid-19 pandemic.
Business Standard has always strived exhausting to provide up-to-date information and commentary on developments which are of curiosity to you and have wider political and financial implications for the country and the world. Your encouragement and fixed suggestions on how to enhance our providing have only made our resolve and dedication to these ideals stronger. Even during these tough occasions arising out of Covid-19, we proceed to stay dedicated to keeping you knowledgeable and updated with credible information, authoritative views and incisive commentary on topical problems with relevance.
The report supplies a list of all the key gamers within the Caustic Soda Prills 99% market along with an in depth analysis of the strategies, which the companies are adopting. The methods mainly include new product Developments, research, and Developments, and also caustic soda price per kg supplies revenue shares, firm overview, and recent company Developmentss to stay competitive out there. The global Caustic Soda Prills ninety nine% market is segmented by company, region , by Type, and by Application.

Adjacent O layers are held together by hydrogen bonds between water molecules. The "sodium hydroxide" of commerce is commonly the monohydrate (density 1.829 g/cm3). Physical knowledge in technical literature could refer to this type, somewhat than the anhydrous compound. When solutions caustic soda flake with less than 18.4% NaOH are cooled, water ice crystallizes first, leaving the NaOH in solution. A sizzling water resolution containing 73.1% of NaOH is an eutectic that solidifies at about sixty two.sixty three °C as an intimate mix of anhydrous and monohydrate crystals.

Dictionary Entries Near Caustic Soda

Sodium hydroxide is frequently used as an industrial cleaning agent where it is typically called "caustic". It is added to water, heated, after which used to wash caustic soda process tools, storage tanks, and so on. It can also be used for cleaning waste discharge pipes beneath sinks and drains in domestic properties.

• • Detailed data about the key business gamers, their essential expertise, and the Caustic Soda market share.
• Companies like IHS, generally known as price-reporting companies, survey consumers, sellers and traders to figure out the prevailing price of a commodity.

In March and April, the general domestic caustic soda market didn't change a lot. The downstream printing and dyeing, chemical fiber, chemical and different industries of caustic soda remained flat, and the market demand didn't change much. The gross sales of chlor-alkali corporations have been flat, and the transportation wa higher than before. However, caustic soda manufacturers were showing a wait-and-see attitude, downstream demand performance was common, and market transactions were flat. The critical information evaluation in the Caustic Soda market report is specified by an upright means.

The market for caustic soda is anticipated to register a CAGR of around 6% in the course of the forecast period. The report presents an up-to-date analysis relating to the current world market scenario, newest developments and drivers, and the general market surroundings. The market is driven by the increasing adoption of PVC products and rising demand from the alumina trade. In addition, increasing adoption of PVC products is anticipated to spice up the expansion of the market as well. Reports available on Market Reports World incorporate a comprehensive analysis statistics of all features of the market that offer you an intensive business intelligence.
The bolstering paper packaging trade within the area is anticipated to extend the demand for caustic soda over the forecast interval. India is poised to be the quickest-growing nation within the area owing to strong developments. As per caustic soda online , India’s building trade is anticipated to develop twice as fast as China within the coming years. Caustic soda is used in several purposes corresponding to in the manufacturing process of alumina, soap & detergents, pulp & paper, petroleum products, and chemical production. Its increasing use in these purposes is expected to gasoline the growth to the worldwide caustic soda market.

In addition, boiling operations in the vacuum pan approach consume excessive vitality responsible for increased prices. The provide chain administration in the business governs and screens the entire channel so as to guarantee reliable distribution under competitive terms and situations. Major gamers involved in the industrial salts market use numerous transport carriers including cost-effective railway traces, waterways, and their own logistics companies to improve provide chain efficiency.
Production process is expensive, and value is heavily influenced by vitality consumption. For instance, in October 2019 Ercros, completed capacity expansion of the chlorine and caustic soda with new membrane cell know-how. Market Research Future is a worldwide market research firm that takes delight in its providers, providing a complete and correct analysis with regard to numerous markets and customers worldwide. Market Research Future has the distinguished objective of providing the optimum high quality research and granular analysis to purchasers. Due to its increased use as a chemical, the section is anticipated to carry out well over the projected interval.
Superb article & within seconds shared with most viewers to create consciousness in society how misuse of Caustic Soda in Milk Specially to take care of its quality caustic soda soap . Sodium hydroxide flake accumulation occurring of white color, very hygroscopic, very soluble in water and alcohol. Technical Sodium hydroxide flakes are obtained by evaporating of liquid Caustic soda grade.
caustic soda buy online involves e-mail interactions, telephone interviews and face-to-face interviews for every market, class, segment and sub-section across geographies. National Aluminium Company Limited and Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited , a Gujarat govt promoted co, have formed a joint venture to arrange a Rs 1800-crore caustic soda plant. KPR Industries' chlor-alkali business includes an underneath-development 200 TPD project at Balabhadrapuram, Andhra Pradesh. Consolidated revenue for Q3 of FY21 stood at Rs 20,986 crore up 13 per cent YoY and consolidated earnings earlier than curiosity, taxes, depreciation and amortization was at Rs 4,476 crore jumped fifty two per cent YoY. DowDuPont , Olin Corporation , Formosa Plastics Corporation , Tata Chemicals Limited , Tata Chemicals Limited , Occidental Petroleum Corporation , Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co.

Offers dry beads and 50 and 25 p.c focus caustic soda. Several packaging options available such as 25 to 50 lbs. https://www.folkd.com/submit/ishtarcompany.com/caustic-soda-flakes// served include agricultural, chemical, export, laboratory, and water treatment. Seair Exim Solutions is offering Sodium Hydroxide Pellets export knowledge of HS code .

We calculate our sodium hypochlorite resolution dose to offer untreated water a free chlorine level of around 1 half per million. So when you add our answer to handled city water (0.1-0.5 components per million), the level of the “overtreated” water would nonetheless be within the acceptable vary of 0.5-2 components per million . Investigations have proven sodium hypochlorite to be an effective disinfectant having broad applications. These characteristics are the the reason why most water remedy systems in the US and Europe have been using chlorine for disinfecting consuming water for practically 100 years.

Sodium Hydroxide In Aqueous Resolution Hs Code 281512

The combination was heated in a heating gadget thirteen so as to fully dissolve the remaining NaOH.2H2 O crystals. The mixture was cooled in order to cool the aqueous resolution in the tank 12 to 7° C. via a pump in a cooling system 14 by heat-trade managed by a cooling water 20 to form a supersaturated answer sodium hydroxide. The supersaturated resolution was fed from the decrease part of the tank 12 to precipitate the NaOH.2H2 O and NaCl crystals. The purification of sodium hydroxide is conducted by separating the NaCl crystals from the slurry in accordance with the ideas of this invention.

Major Products – Sodium Hydroxide brands, companies, and products of the corporate. Major countries in every region are according to their revenue contribution to the worldwide business. This report supplies a quantitative analysis of the market segments, present trends, estimations, and dynamics of the Sodium Hydroxide market analysis caustic soda cleaning from 2021 to 2026 to determine the prevailing market opportunities. Good laboratory practices may help you monitor the quality of your wines extra accurately and efficiently. what is caustic soda by titration is likely one of the most typical methods the winemaker employs to investigate his product.

It is likely one of the only sodium compounds that do not dissolve in water. It reacts with scorching water to make sodium hydroxide, bismuth oxide, and oxygen gasoline. It reacts with acids to make bismuth salts, sodium salts, and oxygen fuel. Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic / Naoh) Market Report will add the evaluation of the influence of COVID-19 on this business . Information associated to the market share gained by every application, along with information of product consumption and estimated development price to be registered by every application is inculcated within the report. The report offers an analysis of the product vary of the Sodium Hydroxide market.
Key Competitors – Sodium Hydroxide Market-leading players are studied with respect to their business profile, product portfolio, capacity, price, cost and revenue. Telescopic Outlook – The Global Sodium Hydroxide Market 2021 report provides product overview, Sodium Hydroxide share, provide chain analysis, demand and provide ratio and import/export particulars. 360 Research Reports is the credible supply for gaining the market stories that can provide you with the lead your business wants. naoh is to provide one of the best solution that matches the exact customer requirements. This drives us to give you customized or syndicated analysis reports.
Ltd. dedicated as an entire in the direction of delivering its greatest for the Niche Chemicals, with optimum highest quality and well timed deliveries. OUR VISION Our vision is to be buyer centric company where our purchasers find and discover the most effective of high quality, companies in the chemical distribution arena. OUR GOAL We grow to be leader demonstrating keenness for moral conduct that all our acquaintances are proud to be associated with in Chemical World with clear emphasis on Africa, Europe, Middle East and North & Latin America.

• Thornton, S D. Reaction of sodium hydroxide with silicate minerals.

I like many of Bulk Apothecary's products, however I wouldn't advocate this one. Packaged in 2 pound bottles, the lye is able to be stored dry and give a real weight when making soap. The high quality caustic soda price is prime notch and I get pleasure from using it in my shampoo bars. Mix one cup of lye, one cup of cornstarch and two gallons of water to make an efficient paint stripper.
The focus and temperature of the recycled answer are controlled to form a slurry containing 5 to 60 wt. %, of NaOH.2H2 O crystals within the crystallizing tank 12. After formation of the slurry containing the NaOH.2H2 O and NaCl impurity crystals, the strain in the crystallizing tank 12 is decreased to atmospheric strain whereby the dissolved coolant is vaporized to form bubbles. It is also possible to inject a gasoline to form bubbles. The nice NaCl impurity crystals are selectively adsorbed on the surface of the bubbles.
The bubbles rise within the slurry while adsorbing the impurity crystals or in any other case having them adhered, whereby a secure foam is formed on the upper floor of the slurry. sodium hydroxide powder of the foam will increase with the rise of focus of sodium chloride, reaching the purpose of becoming difficult to interrupt. When the foam is stored on the upper surface of the slurry, the focus of sodium chloride within the foam increases forming a scum. Thus, the foam can be easily separated from the slurry as a scum.

Sodium hydroxide can be utilized as acid neutralizer, compound masking agent, precipitating agent, precipitating masking agent, color creating agent, peeling agent, detergent, etc. for 3 Transactions The supplier’s transactions conducted kastik soda through Alibaba.com in the past 6 months. We are reckoned entity of this area engaged in offering an enhanced quality of Solid Sodium Hydroxide.

Caustic soda ought to be saved in a ventilated, dry warehouse. It shall not be stored and mixed with inflammables and acids. The preservation of solid caustic soda must be sealed strictly to stop it from being exposed to the air.

Shijiazhuang Chuangqi Chemical Substances Co , Ltd

Caustic soda prices were up by Rs 50 per 50 kg in the nationwide capital today on the again of fine demand from detergent manufacturers amid tight supplies. Caustic soda prices went down by Rs 50 per 50 kg in the nationwide capital today owing to reduced offtake by consuming industries. National Aluminium Company Limited and Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited , a Gujarat govt promoted co, have fashioned a joint venture to set up a Rs 1800-crore caustic soda plant. AMAI said the demand for caustic soda has been growing at 5% CAGR over the past 4 years and by 7% for soda ash.

• the value that you've got paid for the products, much less the failed delivery costs.

crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and sixty one.eight °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is usually this monohydrate, and printed information could check with it as a substitute of the anhydrous compound. caustc soda is moderately poisonous; nevertheless, the most important soda flakes hazard is its corrosive results. Packaging Details 25kgs plastic woven bags lined with polythene bags,inside with plastic coating bags. Petro Chemical Supplying Company is a worldwide Group based in Turkey which manufactures and provides chemical and raw materials in several circumstances with deep industrial experiences.

International Petrochemical Pvt Restricted

That's why you'll never see Sodium Hydroxide listed as an ingredient - as a result of after the top process it is not there any extra. The profiles of key players together with their contribution in caustic soda market development are enlisted in the report. It outlines the current caustic liquid tendencies and future scenario of the caustic soda market size from 2018 to 2026 to grasp the prevailing opportunities and potential funding pockets. Woven PE bags with waterproof PP lining within the middle .
Caustic Soda is a white, crystalline, odorless strong with the chemical formula NaOH and CAS . It is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns to exposed pores and skin. For sodium hydroxide liquid about our merchandise or pricelist, please go away your e mail to us and we shall be in touch within 24 hours.
Caustic soda is a type of alkali which has robust corrosivity. Normally it has flakes, pearls and strong form, simply soluble in water and turns into alkaline resolution. Moreover, caustic soda can simply absorb vapour within the air and carbone dioxide. The caustic soda flake is widely used in numerous industrial processes. Caustic soda flake constitutes an important reactant within the production of many useful natural chemical compounds (greater than 32 % of caustic production goes into this application). According to theFederal Motor Carrier Safety Administration , sodium hydroxide is aClass 8 hazardous material, which means autos and railcars transporting the substance are required to bear the suitable placard.
Bagels are sometimes boiled in a lye answer earlier than baking, contributing to their shiny crust. One number of zongzi uses lye water to impart a sweet flavor. It is used in purifying bauxite ore from which aluminium metal is extracted. caustic soda exporters is in Salt spray testing where pH must be regulated. Sodium hydroxide is used with hydrochloric acid to steadiness pH. The resultant salt, NaCl, is the corrosive agent used in the usual impartial pH salt spray take a look at.

Therefore, it is essential for these within the chemical transportation subject to be familiar with the properties of every sort of hazardous material they carry. If you require chemical security training for caustic soda or some other hazardous material, contact the group that regulates chemical substances in your space for licensed safety instructors. In Asia-Pacific, China and India are the major caustic price markets for pulp and paper production, whereas in Europe, Sweden and Finland accounted for about 60% of the European pulp production. Some improvements have been noticed in China market prices compared to April. Middle East producers are also increasing their prices a little bit. Iranian manufacturers are promoting caustic soda flake at a stable price vary of USD per MT.
It constitutes an essential reactant within the production of many helpful organic chemical substances (more than 30 % of caustic production goes into this application). FT chem formulates the brand development methods, and positive aspects good appraise from clients due to our top-quality products, favorable price and wonderful service. Consolidated Chemicals premier suppliers of specialist chemical products in New Zealand. https://www.instapaper.com/p/grilljump71 have already secured a dominant place in the industry by manufacturing and supplying an qualitative array of Caustic Soda. Owing to attributes like purity, precise pH value and correct composition, our Caustic Soda is exported in the international markets like Saudi Arabia and USA, Thailand, Indonesia and Gulf Countries.
2) In palletized 25kg bags, 22 or 24MT/FCL as per the requests. ne of the important thing ingredients in chilly process soapmaking, and this lye is of the best grade available available on the market. Our products are mainly export to America, Europe, Middle East, South Asia, etc. The regular bundle is 3 layer PP bags with 25kgs caustic soda. South Africa produces and consumes around three million tons per yr of sulphuric acid, the vast majority of which is used for making phosphate fertilizers.

Last week’s big news pertains to the £770 million Boundary Dam coal CCS project in Saskatchewan. It is owned by Canadian utility firm SaskPower and will capture 90 per cent of the emissions from a 110 megawatt coal unit that has been retrofitted with CCS expertise. sodium hydroxide in soap is that 16 of the schemes will pump the captured carbon dioxide underground to force extra oil out of oil wells. This set-up permits corporations to actually generate income from capturing carbon quite than it just being a financial burden.
The federal highway body supports and promotes using recycled supplies in pavement construction is an effort to protect the natural environment, scale back waste, and provide a price efficient material for constructing highways. In reality, the first goal is to encourage the usage of recycled supplies within the construction of highways to the utmost economical and practical extent attainable with equal or improved performance Bitumen traders in UAE. With our specific vary, clients can select between simple heating sort bitumen storage tanks and oblique heating type hot oil hot bitumen storage tanks. "We have been doing enterprise with Aesco Madsen since 1981 and have been a very long time buyer due to the quality of their products. We have worked with them on nearly 60 completely different jobs, with round 10 full plants, and numerous retrofits. The record goes on and on."

One of one of the best gear of GlobeCore is rightly thought-about a CMM-R unit, designed for processing insulating oils directly in a tank of an energized transformer. It regenerates oil by way of a posh of processes, heating, degassing, vacuum therapy and adsorbent purification, with adsorbent reactivation. During operation, oil can turn into contaminated not solely with solid particles, water and gases, but also with merchandise of getting Jey embossed bitumen supplier older and oxidation that significantly cut back its performance characteristics. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-uses-for-caustic-soda-at-home is eliminated by way of regeneration that improves oil parameters and extends the service life of oil, and the whole transformer by more than years. Oil degassing by ultrasonic cavitation uses a special vibrator under vacuum that varieties microbubbles filled with fuel and water.

Asphalt Concrete

Actual capture rates are more likely to be decrease as a result of the US shale revolution has cut demand for the plant’s costlier processed natural gasoline. This project is predicated at an oil refinery complex in Port Arthur, Texas. Carbon seize began in 2012 at a steam methane reformer facility that turns natural fuel into hydrogen. At full capacity, 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide shall be captured per year. However, the positioning’s total emissions increased to 2.7 million tonnes in 2013 in opposition to 2.5 million tonnes a 12 months earlier despite the beginning of capture actions, data reported to the US Environmental Protection Agency present. The Quest CCS project is a three way partnership between Shell, Chevron and Marathon Oil.

• Capture started at a collection of natural gas processing plants in Val Verde, Texas in the early 1970s, with the carbon dioxide going to enhanced oil restoration tasks by pipeline.

The leaders of each primary opposition events promised to reverse the choice if they form the federal government in the 2015 election. This in fact occurred, as the Liberal celebration beneath Justin Trudeau gained a majority authorities. TransCanada is evaluating converting a part of its mainline natural fuel transmission system from western Canada to jap North America to move oil. Eastern North America is well supplied with natural gasoline because of the current increases in US shale fuel production, however has problems with oil supply since most of their oil comes from offshore.
The general market value of a drum combine plant varies in between 60.0 lacs to 75.0 lacs as per their capability. The bitumen part of batch mix plant primarily consists of bitumen tank, bitumen heating burner, bitumen pumping & metering unit and hot oil system. The tank is fully Bitumen SC3000 suppliers insulated to minimize heat losses and is of 15,000 liters.

The notion that freeway design might take into account acoustical engineering issues, including the number of the kind of floor paving, arose in the early 1970s. Different forms of asphalt concrete have completely different efficiency characteristics when it comes to floor durability, tire wear, braking efficiency and roadway noise. In principle, the willpower Bitumen RC3000 for sale of applicable asphalt performance traits must keep in mind the quantity of visitors in each car category, and the performance necessities of the friction course. Areas paved with asphalt concrete—especially airport aprons—have been referred to as "the tarmac" at occasions, regardless of not being constructed utilizing the tarmacadam process.

The more energetic second explosion, which produced nearly all of the harm, was estimated by Dubasov in 2009 as equivalent to 40 billion joules of power, the equal of about 10 tons of TNT. Both his 2009 and 2017 analyses argue that the nuclear fizzle event, whether producing the second or first explosion, consisted of a immediate chain response that was restricted to a small portion of the reactor core, since self-disassembly occurs rapidly in fizzle events. By the time of this report, Ukraine had declassified a number of KGB documents from the interval between 1971 and 1988 related to the Chernobyl plant. It mentioned, for instance, earlier stories of structural damage caused by negligence during development of the plant that were never acted upon.
The FAB collection plants are provided with bitumen weigh hopper section, hot oil Passage jacketing on bitumen pipe lines, asphalt pumps and pug mill bodily construction. Thermic oil heater facilitates hot oil heating, cuts down asphalt pipeline blocking and asphalt pump binding & ensures smoother bitumen weigh batches and eventextured pug mill activity. In 1980, together with his in depth experience servicing Boeing drum mix asphalt plants all through the United States and Canada, John Ferris based Aesco Madsen as a registered company in the state of Washington under the unique name of Asphalt Equipment & Service Company . With a lean begin-up funding of just $1,500 and a modest 1,seven-hundred sq. foot rental office/warehouse in Renton, Washington; the corporate’s main function was to offer each subject service and components assist to the road development business for asphalt plant related gear. Drying and Mixing unit of the asphalt plant demands advanced flight design and warmth transfer know-how.
Effective useful resource and waste management is at the heart of how we function our asphalt UK plant network. Our prime quality asphalt options have been developed to be the best selection for a variety of surfacing applications, from major civil engineering tasks to domestic driveways and footpaths. Our affiliate firms provides an abundance of sources and expertise that you could rely on to serve your whole asphalt plant wants. The Hotmix Parts & Service staff supplies probably the most comprehensive asphalt plant training and technical course within the industry. Our course sizes are small to encourage an open dialogue between all attendees and our technical staff, giving every attendee more technical interactions.

With some ninety five% of paved roads being constructed of or surfaced with asphalt, a considerable quantity of asphalt pavement materials is reclaimed annually. In 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial exercise involving asphalt, which had uses beyond paving. For instance bitumen 80/100, asphalt could also be used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of varied forms of pools and baths, each of which were additionally proliferating in the nineteenth century.

However, you’ll only know for certain by utilizing a calibrated damp meter. Ask a specialist damp surveyor to examine for damp in case you have any concerns. permeable emulsion paint as soon Bitumen price in Iran as all of the seen indicators of damp have gone. But, if after trying these simple remedies, you continue to have a humid downside.
Though Polyurea has solely been round for about 30 years, producers usually declare this sort of sealant to be the longest carrying. The Roof Coatings Manufacturers Association, together with many contractors, suggest coatings for flat and low sloped roofs. Pitched roofs should use tiles or shingles where no coating is important.

How A Lot Does Damp Proofing Cost?

Tenders The eProcurement System of IndianOil e-Tendering Portal permits the Tenderers to obtain the Tender Schedule freed from cost. Technology Licensing IndianOil's R&D Centre delivers pioneering ends in lubricants technology, refining course of, pipeline transportation, bio-fuels and gasoline-environment friendly home equipment. Alliances The non-gasoline Bitumen SC3000 suppliers exercise allows IndianOil to market the merchandise of reputed corporations by way of countrywide network of Indane distributorships. Explosives The Explosives and Cryogenics companies of IBP Division recorded the best ever production and gross sales of explosives.

Use of motor oil may trigger premature cracking in colder climates, leading to roads that must be repaved extra regularly. When upkeep is carried out on asphalt pavements, corresponding to milling to remove a worn or damaged surface, the eliminated material may be returned to a facility for processing into new pavement mixtures. The asphalt in the removed materials may be reactivated and put back to make use of in new pavement mixes.

On the London stockmarket, there have been various claims as to the exclusivity of asphalt high quality from France, Germany and England. And numerous patents had been granted in France, with comparable numbers of patent applications being denied in England because of their similarity to each other. In England, "Claridge's was the type most used within the 1840s and 50s". The majority of asphalt used commercially is obtained from petroleum.

• The conditioning of radioactive waste by bitumen (No. CEA-R – 1992).

In 1719, a Cree named Wa-Pa-Su introduced a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudson's Bay Company, who was the first recorded European to see it. In caustic liquid , Claridge's Company entered right into a joint venture to produce tar-certain macadam, with materials manufactured via a subsidiary company known as Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two merchandise resulted, specifically Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., though Clarmac was extra widely used.
While in its dissolved state, the asphalt is much less viscous and the mix is straightforward to work and compact. The worth of the deposit was obvious from the beginning, but the technique of extracting the bitumen was not. The nearest city, Fort McMurray, Alberta, was a small fur buying and selling submit, different markets had been distant, and transportation prices were too high dubai bitumen company to ship the raw bituminous sand for paving. In 1915, Sidney Ells of the Federal Mines Branch experimented with separation methods and used the product to pave 600 ft of road in Edmonton, Alberta. Other roads in Alberta were paved with material extracted from oil sands, but it was usually not financial. Eventually Fitzsimmons ran out of cash and the plant was taken over by the Alberta government.
In 1553, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations that pissasphalto, a mixture of pitch and bitumen, was used in the Republic of Ragusa for tarring of ships. An example of this is throughout the Uinta Basin of Utah, within the US, where there's a swarm of laterally and vertically extensive veins composed of a solid hydrocarbon termed Gilsonite. These veins fashioned by the polymerization and solidification of hydrocarbons that were mobilized from the deeper oil shales of the Green River Formation during burial and diagenesis. Natural deposits of bitumen include lakes such as the Pitch Lake in Trinidad and Tobago and Lake Bermudez in Venezuela.
Ductility is measured by an "extension" take a look at, whereby a normal asphalt cement briquette molded beneath standard situations and dimensions is pulled at a regular temperature (normally seventy seven°F [25°C]) till it breaks underneath pressure Bitumen 60/70 price in Dubai. The elongation at which the asphalt cement pattern breaks is a measure of the ductility of the pattern. bulk sodium hydroxide of asphalt cement could be simply tested since it is composed virtually entirely of bitumen, which is soluble in carbon disulfide.

The better route is to request estimates from several licensed and insured roofing contractors that specialize in the kind of roof you want. Then, get some references, drive by houses they roofed from 5-15 years ago to see how the roofs they’ve put in are holding up. More than 75 % of all single-family homes in the US are roofed with asphalt shingles, though that quantity is slowly shrinking because of the more vitality-efficient and durable steel roofing.

This report presents a complete overview, market shares, and progress alternatives of Polymer Modified Bitumen market by product type, application, key producers and key areas and nations. On the idea of product type, in 2018, paving grade accounted the biggest market share of 57% in terms of income, adopted by oxidized grade and bitumen emulsion. The demand for paving grade bitumen is predicted bitumen suppliers to rise in forthcoming years because of increase in its usage for making pathways, railway beds in addition to in road maintenance. sodium hydroxide on skin -Pacific region dominated the global bitumen market in 2018, accounting for 31% market share when it comes to revenue, followed by North America and Europe, respectively.
The mining industry asserts that the boreal forest will eventually colonize the reclaimed lands, but their operations are large and work on lengthy-time period timeframes. As of 2013, about 715 sq. kilometres of land in the oil sands area have been disturbed, and 72 km2 of that land is underneath reclamation. In March 2008, Alberta issued the primary-ever oil sands land reclamation certificates to Syncrude for the 1.04 sq. kilometres (0.40 sq mi) parcel of land known as Gateway Hill approximately 35 kilometres north of Fort McMurray.

World Foam Trays Market

Furthermore, the report consists of detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the worldwide Bitumen market considering market history, product development, regional dynamics, aggressive panorama, and key success elements within the trade. According to the current report printed by Research Corridor, the Global Bitumen Market is predicted to provide sustainable progress alternatives during the forecast interval from 2020 to 2027. This newest business analysis study analyzes the Bitumen market by various product segments, applications, areas and nations whereas assessing regional performances of quite a few leading market members. Bitumen is a extremely viscous organic liquid which is derived from the residual merchandise of the petroleum refineries.Due to its binding properties and bitumen is primarily utilized for road construction and repairs.

• The Asia Pacific infrastructure market is anticipated to rise from 7% to eight% a year in close to future, reaching a milestone of USD 5.36 trillion yearly by 2024 and constituting almost 60% of the world total.

Regional average price has been thought-about whereas breaking down this market by finish consumer in every area. The statistical data of the highest market gamers of Bitumen industry could be obtained from the company profile section specified in the Bitumen exporter to UAE report. This section incorporates evaluation of high player’s operating within the Bitumen business as well as their final five-12 months income, segmental revenue, product choices, key methods adopted, and geographical income produced.

Bulk Wholesale Of Bitumen In Low-cost Price

Throughout 2018 and 2019, imports of crude recommenced their growth, increasing to 0.82 and 0.84 million barrels per day, respectively. caustic soda wholesale to the regional nature of Canadian refining markets, Canada also imports some crude oil. Text versionIn 2019, Alberta leads the provinces in crude oil manufacturing with 80.5% of Canada’s complete production , Saskatchewan produced 10.5%, and Newfoundland and Labrador produced 5.6%. Text versionOil sands production has usually been increasing since 2006, peaking at 2.9 million barrels per day in 2019. Conventional crude oil manufacturing also peaked in 2019 at 1.seventy four million barrels per day.

In specific, mercury contamination has been discovered round oil sands manufacturing in Alberta, Canada. The European Union has indicated that it may vote to label oil sands oil as "highly polluting". Although oil sands exports to Europe are minimal, the issue has brought on friction between the EU and Canada. According to the California-based Jacobs Consultancy, the European Union used inaccurate and incomplete knowledge in assigning a high greenhouse fuel rating to gasoline derived from Alberta's oilsands. Also, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and Russia don't provide knowledge on how a lot natural gasoline is launched through flaring or venting within the oil extraction process. The Jacobs report identified that extra carbon emissions from oil-sand crude are 12 % higher than from common crude, though it was assigned a GHG rating 22% above the standard benchmark by EU.
The report additionally offers customized country and regional degree knowledge that can be analyzed on the consumer's curiosity. The world Bitumen Emulsifiers Market report depicts the numerous development elements, potential development alternatives, and Market share of the most important bitumen suppliers near me key gamers over the forecast period from 2020 to 2027. The previous years’ data from 2013 to 2020 supplies the Market state of affairs within the historic years. The intensive, versatile, and up to date information on the Bitumen Emulsifiers Market can be supplied in this report.
"We could possibly be taking a look at comparatively stable prices , whereas 2018 we noticed our prices enhance fairly a bit," mentioned David Tyrolt, president and CEO of Dunn Co., a paving contractor based Cutback bitumen price in Decatur. Ac grades of bitumen are the equivalent of viscosity grades used within the United States. In other word, the AC-30 bitumen viscosity grade is rather like VG-30 in India.
DECATUR — Gas prices are inching closer to $3 a gallon, which is not a shock to industry analysts or to some Decatur clients. But these in the paving and asphalt business are hoping the surprises of 2018 are in the rear-view mirror. "In terms of cost volatility, there would not look to be any known issue proper now that would cause lots of motion" for this yr, Tyrolt mentioned. To add insult to injury, an April explosion and fireplace at the Husky oil refinery in Superior, Wisconsin, triggered a major supply of liquid asphalt within the Midwest to shut down suddenly.

In sodium hydroxide for soap making , corresponding to when the roof leaks have simply began, there is normally no need to exchange the plywood or wood boards, unless there is a clear proof of substantial damage to the roof deck. The roof deck restore/plywood substitute is just needed if the old plywood/roof deck beneath the insulation has been sufficiently damaged by ongoing leaks. If the roof has been leaking for some Bitumen SC3000 for sale time, there's additionally attainable injury to the roof deck and insulation, that’s why it’s important to have the roof correctly examined earlier than an estimate is given. Assuming that you have an EPDM rubber roof on the flat portion of the home, the leaks are probably the result of seams turning into unglued and coming apart because of freeze-and-thaw cycles.
Much of the carbon in bitumen needs to be stripped so as to convert bitumen into refined products that can be offered. Bitumen is the heavy unconventional oil found within the Alberta tar sands . Only a specialized refinery can process bitumen and switch it into refined products such as fuels. None of the refineries in japanese Canada can refine massive quantities of bitumen. In-situ mining – if tar sands are too deep to dig up, the bitumen may be extracted by injecting hot steam or solvents to loosen up the bitumen and permit it to flow through a well to the floor.
AC, previously known within the United Kingdom as dense bitumen macadam; HRA; and SMA are essentially the most generally used asphalt materials for road paving in European international locations. The remaining materials within the EN series are usually used on specialised applications corresponding to bridges and airports. Hot rolled asphalt is ready in website plants heating the aggregates and bitumen at a hundred and sixty°C and is placed and compacted usually at not less than a hundred twenty five°C. Thus the vitality requirements for the preparation, placement and compaction of HRA could be very excessive. The HRA designed at CEMU is a low power combine which accommodates fly ash. It could be prepared at a temperature of a hundred twenty five°C and positioned and compacted at a temperature as low as 85°C.

And at a time when most news organizations have been shedding reporters, we’ve hired eight journalists over the past year. Oxbow Corporation is likely one bitumen price per ton malaysia of the largest sellers of pet coke on the earth. The company is owned by William Koch, brother of the notorious pro-fossil fuels billionaires Charles and David Koch.

Dictionary Entries Close To Bitumen

Imports were 0.9 million barrels per day in 2006, however this number steadily declined between 2006 and 2014. After a slight increase within the previous two years, imports fell once more in 2017 and 2018, to 0.68 and 0.63 million barrels per day. Throughout 2018 and 2019, imports of crude recommenced their development, growing to 0.82 and 0.84 million barrels per day, respectively. Due to the regional nature of Canadian refining markets, Canada additionally imports some crude oil. Text versionIn 2019, Alberta leads the provinces in crude oil production with 80.5% of Canada’s complete manufacturing, Saskatchewan produced 10.5%, and Newfoundland and Labrador produced 5.6%.

• Repetitive construction joints, noisy surface texture, and blow ups are eradicated by this methodology of construction.

TheState Department saysthe maximum amount of spillage in a worst-case-state of affairs of a Keystone Pipeline leak is 2.8 million gallons spread all through a 1.7 mile space. TransCanada factors out that that is significantly smaller than the quantity that escaped through the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe. The southern leg of the Keystone XL ties into

Developing areas are anticipated to progress at a noteworthy CAGR within the forthcoming years. The progress of Asia Pacific may be attributed to the growing variety of cities and increasing client disposable income, which is leading to the rising building activities and gross sales of autos. China, Japan, and India will be sights of excessive growth rate in the bitumen sheet malaysia area. The growing infrastructure growth will propel the growth of the market in Latin America and the Middle East and Africa. Some different applications of bitumen embody water proofing of ships and boats due to its water insoluble characteristics. The Engineers of this department executes all kinds of Civil Engineering works like road works, constructing works, bridge works, irrigation works, water supply initiatives etc.
Port Metro Vancouver has a variety of petroleum terminals, including Suncor Burrard Terminal in Port Moody, Imperial Oil Ioco Terminal in Burrard Inlet East, and Kinder Morgan Westridge, Shell Canada Shellburn, and Chevron Canada Stanovan terminals in Burnaby. The Interprovincial Pipeline was prolonged to Montreal in 1976 after the 1973 oil crisis interrupted international oil provides to Eastern Canada. The Chevron Canada Burnaby Refinery in the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby processes fifty five,000 barrels per day (8,seven-hundred m3/d) of sunshine oil received from Alberta through the Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Pipeline System. The White Rose oil subject is positioned 350 kilometres off the east coast of Newfoundland.
Moreover, the booming construction industry worldwide is favoring the growth of the market. The rising investments by governments in the upgradation of public infrastructure and rising disposable revenue of people around the globe are leading to the greater building activities. The sturdy development of the paint and coatings sector can also be supplementing the growth of the market.
Low temperature prevents combination particles from transferring, and the required density is not potential to realize. Computer simulations of simplified model techniques are able to reproduce some of asphalt's characteristic properties.
The roller driver commonly works with kind of cooled asphalt and is due to this fact less exposed. Our Asphalt Price Data Download Service permits subscribers to download by way of an FTP web site and in a flat file format, the price information as printed in our Asphalt Weekly Monitor report. Subscribers shall be despatched a weekly e-mail notification that the data for that week has been uploaded to the FTP website. Any price corrections/amendments from the Asphalt Weekly Monitor may even be downloadable.

In order to cut back the high exposure of the mastic asphalt workers, there is the likelihood to use modified mastic asphalt (‘low temperature mastic asphalt’), which permits lower bitumen temperatures. The outcomes of publicity measurements for these supplies thus far create an optimistic impression. With the exception of work with mastic asphalt, all makes use of of bitumen show a more or less comparable degree of exposure to vapours and aerosols of bitumen. Even if some job duties for roofing work or for paving with rolled asphalt present exposures up to 10 mg m−3 vapours and aerosols of bitumen, in most cases 5 mg m−3 aren't exceeded. The most regularly requested query concerning work with hot bitumen is whether or not this work is harmful or not.
The AI-primarily based platform, developed by our knowledge scientists, constitutes the important thing working software for business analysts, empowering them to discover deep insights and ideas from the marketing data. In 2019, the typical rolled bitumen articles import price amounted to $2 per sq. meter, which is down by -30.8% towards the earlier 12 months. In 2019, the average rolled bitumen articles export price amounted to $2.5 per sq. meter, dropping by -forty five.9% towards the previous yr. The international locations with the very best volumes of rolled bitumen articles manufacturing in 2019 have been China (1.8B sq. meters), the U.S. and India , with a mixed 41% share of worldwide production. From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth by way of prices was attained by Egypt.

Bss Bitumen Sprayer

Burstyn et al. revealed an summary of exposure ranges among Norwegian asphalt workers. As they said there is a want for a standardized method for measuring bitumen emissions, since there are several strategies used Bitumen MC800 supplier in completely different international locations. Comparison of the proportions of vapours and aerosol concentrations from hot bitumen. The diagram exhibits only values as much as 20 mg m−three within the cited working temperature range.

• A treasure of secondary information is extracted via famed paid sources, yearly estimates and statements, famend journals, and authorities paperwork.
• The refining process converts most of that sulfur into gaseous hydrogen sulfide.

In value phrases, rolled bitumen articles imports expanded markedly to $X in 2019. The development pace was essentially the most speedy in 2010 with an increase of X% yr-to-year. Over the period Pasargad bitumen underneath review, imports attained the height figure at $X in 2015; nonetheless, from 2016 to 2019, imports stood at a considerably lower figure.

Bitumen Extraction

In June 2016 Chevron put its oil refinery in Burnaby, BC up on the market, together with its gas distribution community in British Columbia and Alberta. “The company acknowledges these are difficult instances and we have to be open to changing market circumstances and alternatives as they arise,” an organization consultant said. Chevron's supply to sell follows Imperial Oil's sale of 497 Esso fuel stations in B.C. Newfoundland and Labrador is Canada's third largest oil producing province, producing about 4.4% of Canada's petroleum in 2015. This consisted almost solely of sunshine crude oil produced by offshore oil amenities on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
These prices are to be used to calculate adjustments solely on the pilot initiatives that include the Asphalt Cost Adjustment Special Provision. Determining exposure information for work with bitumen in Germany has been one of many major matters of the Bitumen Forum up to now. For the future it might be fascinating to discover a possibility for a comparison of these values received with the German measuring technique with those strategies utilized in other nations. This work has started now and the outcomes might probably assist to understand bitumen publicity in a better method.
Spectra Energy has a system of pipelines that takes crude oil from Hardisty south to Casper, Wyoming and then east to Wood River, Illinois. The first segment has a capacity of 280,000 bbl/d (45,000 m3/d) and the second section a hundred and sixty,000 bbl/d (25,000 m3/d). orient paper mills caustic soda unit has the Trans Mountain Pipeline that takes crude oil from Edmonton over the Rocky Mountains to the west coasts of British Columbia and Washington State, with an current capability of 300,000 bbl/d (48,000 m3/d). It has plans to add a further 450,000 bbl/d (seventy two,000 m3/d) of capability to this pipeline within the present pipeline easement. Several strategies use solvents, as an alternative of steam, to separate bitumen from sand.

Bitumen buyers could discover different end result within the web and in several web sites. Consequently they could be misled by the big amount of variant information gathered that are mostly incorrect. Authorized bulk caustic soda may have edit mode capabilities for any Month/Year information that's still in Draft mode. Published bid packages additionally include links to this display for the month/yr of the scheduled let date. This post is a summary of the Asphalt price index developments since 2017. The price developments are expressed as a price index in US$ prices transformed at current FX charges, that are the FX rates relevant at the time the price was valid.
No significant improvement of Venezuela's extra-heavy oil deposits was undertaken earlier than 2000, aside from the BITOR operation which produced considerably less than 100,000 barrels of oil per day (sixteen,000 m3/d) of 9°API oil by major manufacturing. This was mostly shipped as an emulsion of 70% oil and 30% water with comparable characteristics as heavy gas oil for burning in thermal energy Bitumen RC3000 supplier plants. However, when a major strike hit the Venezuelan state oil company PDVSA, most of the engineers were fired as punishment. Orimulsion had been the satisfaction of the PDVSA engineers, so Orimulsion fell out of favor with the important thing political leaders. As a outcome, the government has been making an attempt to "Wind Down" the Orimulsion program.

We at All About Bitumen and Asphalt are specialists at residential and rural driveways and laneways. We’ll assist you to decide which materials is finest in your location and price range, so that, whichever surface you choose, you’re on high. VALIDATION / CERTIFICATION PROGRAMDo you want a product validated or licensed? Most bitumen comprise sulfur and a number of other heavy metals corresponding to Nickel, Vanadium, Lead, Chromium, Mercury and also Arsenic, Selenium, and other Toxic Elements.
Waste glass is generated globally, and mostly comes from glass containers for storage, home windows, and windscreens of autos. Many analysis works have been carried out to recycle and reuse waste glass. The inclusion of crushed waste glass from automotive windscreens in commonplace asphalt mixtures with lower than 5% bitumen resulted in improvements in the mechanical properties in asphalt concrete . The examine also found that when the proportion of crushed waste glass was less than or larger than 10%, no further improve to the asphalt concrete’s physical or mechanical properties was seen.

The examine indicated that the resultant binder produced using the excessive-velocity shear mixer seems to have slightly superior properties as in comparison with that produced using the propeller-sort mixer. Thus, the absorbent of the lighter oily fraction was increased because of the large amount of the small rubber particles. A research by Thodesen et al. indicated that processing procedure and tyre type play an essential role within the determination of rubberised bitumen viscosity. This particle swelling compounded with reduction in the oily fraction of the binder leads to increased viscosity within the rubberised bitumen binder. In common, the bitumen binder and ground tyre rubber are mixed together and blended at elevated temperatures for differing periods of time previous to utilizing them as a paving binder. These two factors work together to evaluate the performance properties of rubberised bitumen binder via mixing process of asphalt rubber interplay.

Emulsion Applications

The binder is usually very hot when it’s combined with the combination. Pros pour the new mixture over a degree, gravel base earlier than urgent and smoothing it with a steamroller. Concrete and asphalt are both Bitumen SC250 price mixtures of sand and crushed stone referred to as mixture. In concrete, cement binds the mixture and offers it a light-weight grey appearance.
Buildings’ roofs have been often constructed with slopes of less than 1-inch-per-foot. Lightweight metal decks had been used, which made for more expansion and contraction and due to this fact extra deck motion, however less mass than wooden or concrete to soak up heat as a heat sink. There was also an increase in using rooftop insulation within the mid-1900s, which means that extra of that heat power wouldn't be transferred, and would quite assault the roof floor. In addition, HVAC and other gear moved to the rooftop, as did visitors, instruments, and chemicals to install and preserve that gear. Pre-WWII, the roof slopes had been steeper than today, many instances 1-3 inches-per-foot, and the rooftops were not encumbered with mechanical tools. Air conditioning was not common, there were no satellite tv for pc dishes or cell towers, and there were few roof vents.

• The research confirmed that the effect of RFTO growing older on binder rutting factor was increased at low frequencies and/or excessive temperatures.

Cold-adhesive utilized cap sheets may be installed over hot asphalt-utilized built-up membranes. Also, asphalt flux sources can change frequently at oxidizing plants, making it unlikely that a key ingredient in modified-bitumen roofing membranes will stay constant from job to job. Monitoring asphalt quality is not simple, and the only method to make sure whole compatibility is to buy asphalt from the identical plant that supplies the asphalt used to provide modified-bitumen sheets—not at all Bitumen MC250 supplier times a straightforward endeavor. Finally, all oxidized asphalts become brittle over time, and testing based on standards corresponding to ASTM D5849 may be needed to grasp just how much bond energy and blistering resistance shall be lost over time. With proper application, cold-adhered and warmth-welded modified bitumen membrane systems feature interply bond strengths that surpass these achieved with oxidized-asphalt applications.
Mixing unit will combine all of the contents totally for a hard and fast time before discharging the contents into the truck or into storage silos. There are two horizontal shafts which have arms and ideas fitted on them. These arms and tips might be rotating on the shaft for mixing of material contained in the mixer. After the screening is over all of the supplies will be separated and saved in numerous compartments. They will retailer the aggregates and help in weighing the identical earlier than the aggregates are discharged into the blending unit. Drying drum is among the essential components of an asphalt plant.

This material could also be used to coat flooring in factories and different industrial services, particularly those subject to frequent spills or high amounts of chemical use. Mastic asphalt can be used to line holding tanks to be able to stop leaks over time. Blown bitumen is manufactured from bitumen 60/70 by blowning asphalt and ATDM has an extended history of supplying blown asphalt to bitumen factories, asphalt firms, roof insulation corporations and membrane sheet manufactures.
The liner dynamic viscosity was increased by rising the amount of rubber in asphalt cement. Piggott et al. talked about that the vulcanized rubber had a big impact on the viscosity of the asphalt cement. The viscosity, measured at 95°C, increased by a factor of greater than 20 when 30% vulcanized rubber was added to the combination. In distinction, the devulcanized rubber had only a very small effect. The viscosity take a look at additionally showed that there isn't any danger of gel formation when rubber is combined with hot asphalt cement. Nair et al. used a Haake rotational viscometer to measure the viscosity of the soft asphalt samples while the viscosity of the blown asphalt samples is measured on a capillary rheometer.
The exams have been conducted to study the circulate behaviour on the modification of asphalt with liquid natural rubber . The findings are as follows; for delicate asphalt, the temperature dependence on viscosity is prominent up to 100°C and subsequently marginal. Activation vitality of flow Bitumen RC250 for sale of soft bitumen increased, while that of blown asphalt decreased on addition of LNR. In 1984, a research examine discovered that 4% rubber is efficient in reducing the temperature susceptibility of virgin binders by a factor of a minimum of two.
There are a couple of various factors that will have an effect on the value of sealing it. Sealcoating asphalt can be a DIY task, but we advocate hiring a professional Bitumen 60/70 hs code to verify the job is long-lasting and accomplished right. Open-graded friction course - Air voidsminimum requirement are 15%, and no maximum air void proportion is specified.
Drum combine sort bitumen plant can mix the supplies continuously, which is with the traits of excessive working effectivity and simple operation. The batch combine kind asphalt plant bitumen needs to dry and blend the supplies in two different gadgets, which has the options of high mixing high quality and excessive productiveness. Emulsification is opposed by the interior cohesion and viscosity of the bitumen and the floor pressure of the droplet which resists the creation of new interface. Smaller droplets are favored by a high vitality input, a low bitumen viscosity on the emulsification temperature and by the choice and focus of emulsifier . In the most typical process, the emulsifier is dissolved in the water part of the emulsion, and this water answer or “cleaning soap” is blended with the recent liquid asphalt in a colloid mill . This mix was developed to maximize rutting resistance and to have nice sturdiness.

This is an experimental technique that employs a variety of vertical air injection wells above a horizontal production nicely situated at the base of the bitumen pay zone. Bitumen VG 10 is used to prepare the bitumen for ignition and mobility. Following that cycle, air is injected into the vertical wells, igniting the upper bitumen and mobilizing the decrease bitumen to move into the manufacturing nicely. It is expected that COGD will end in water savings of 80% in comparison with SAGD. Petrobank Energy and Resources has reported encouraging outcomes from their check wells in Alberta, with production charges of up to four hundred bbl/d (sixty four m3/d) per well, and the oil upgraded from 8 to 12API levels.
Bitumen supplier in Thailand is available in powder or in granular material of assorted particle sizes and is packaged in sacks or in thermal fusible polyethylene luggage. Because of the difficulty of moving crude bitumen via pipelines, non-upgraded bitumen is usually diluted with natural-gasoline condensate in a type known as dilbit or with artificial crude oil, called synbit. This bitter, heavy crude oil blend is designed to have uniform refining characteristics to compete with internationally marketed heavy oils similar to Mexican Mayan or Arabian Dubai Crude. Bitumen MC800 supplier from US refineries is increasingly for non-upgraded bitumen somewhat than SCO. The Canadian National Energy Board expects SCO volumes to double to round 1,900,000 bbl/d (300,000 m3/d) by 2035, however not keep pace with the whole increase in bitumen production. It projects that the portion of oil sands production that is upgraded to SCO to say no from forty nine% in 2010 to 37% in 2035.
Computer simulations of simplified mannequin techniques are able to reproduce some of asphalt's characteristic properties. ), is a sticky, black, extremely viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It could also be found in natural deposits or could also be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. The largest natural deposit of asphalt in the Bitumen 60/70 price in Dubai world, estimated to comprise 10 million tons, is the Pitch Lake located in La Brea in southwest Trinidad, throughout the Siparia Regional Corporation. For naturally occurring bituminous sands used for petroleum production, see Oil sands.

When the primary oil sands plants have been constructed over 50 years in the past, most oil refineries of their market space had been designed to handle gentle or medium crude oil with lower sulfur content than the 4–7% that's usually present in bitumen. The original oil sands upgraders have been designed to supply a high-high quality artificial crude oil with lower density and decrease sulfur content material. These are giant, costly plants which are very similar to heavy oil refineries.

Argus Americas Asphalt

Budgeting for the price of an asphalt driveway is not so simple as inputting a couple of particulars into an internet cost calculator, there are just too many variables. In this asphalt driveway cost guide we'll stroll you thru all of the totally different scenarios that you may encounter and the set up components that may affect the final price you pay. If you are not paving your asphalt driveway from scratch, your contractor will need to break up your current driveway (concrete, asphalt, etc.) earlier than paving a brand new one.

In 2016, capital funding in the oil sands for royalty functions fell additional to roughly $12 billion. These pre-payout tasks will transition to the publish-payout royalty rate as soon as their cumulative revenues exceed their cumulative prices. The drop within the West Texas Intermediate price from $105.15 USD in June 2014 to a low of $30.62 USD in February 2016 was one of the most prolonged durations Bitumen VG 40 supplier of depressed oil prices in recent historical past. Royalty payments from oil sands projects fell to $827 million in 2016, down from over $1.4 billion in 2015, a forty two% decline. During the pre-payout period the royalty rate is 1% of gross revenues at prices up to $fifty five/barrel. When the worth of oil increases to $a hundred and twenty/barrel or more, the royalty rate is 9% of gross revenues.
GMIPulse permits you to observe relevant industries and stay knowledgeable with newest innovation, competitive and regulatory developments to assist design strategic framework. Global annual vehicular gross sales reached ninety six.8 million items in 2017 and is predicted to reach one hundred twenty five.5 million models by the tip of the forecast spell, thus creating a necessity for broader and good quality road. In this way the demand of paving product for roadway application will be robust and observe a steady rise within the coming interval. Global bitumen market size was valued at USD 89.7 billion in 2018 and will develop at a CAGR of three.8% from 2019 to 2026. We would be happy to offer you more information about our paid companies.
If solely 30% of this oil might be extracted, it may supply the entire needs of North America for over 100 years at 2002 consumption levels. They require advanced expertise to extract the oil and transport it to grease refineries. The world's largest deposits of oil sands are in Venezuela and Canada. The geology of the deposits in the two countries is usually somewhat related. They are vast heavy oil, extra-heavy oil, and/or bitumen deposits with oil heavier than 20°API, found largely in unconsolidated sandstones with related properties. "Unconsolidated" in this context implies that the sands have excessive porosity, no important cohesion, and a tensile power close to zero.
We have probably the most dependable roof installation, substitute and repair contractors close to you. Unless a little more cash is put into finishes that resist moss and mildew in humid climates, composite shingles are vulnerable to suffering decay and ugly development. Installing composites does require professional installation, as there are particular tools used to install the material.
Two US Class 1 railways, Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF Railway deal with greater than 100 trains per day on their western corridors. CN Rail has said that it may transfer 1,500,000 bbl/d (240,000 m3/d) of bitumen from Edmonton to the deepwater port of Prince Rupert, BC if the Northern Gateway Pipeline from Edmonton to the port of Kitimat, BC was not approved. Following the denial of a US regulatory allow for its Keystone XL pipeline, TransCanada went forward with the southern leg of the Keystone project. This will ship 830,000 bbl/d (132,000 m3/d) from Cushing to the Coast. Since it's completely throughout the states of Oklahoma and Texas, it doesn't require US federal authorities approval.

Additional Roofing Resources

The southern leg of the Keystone XL ties into the prevailing Keystone pipeline that already runs to Canada, bringing up to 700,000 barrels of oil a day to refineries in Texas. At peak capacity, the pipeline will ship 830,000 barrels of oil per day. While the pipeline is initially carried U.S. mild crude, it is anticipated to hold extra heavy Canadian oil harvested from tar sands over the subsequent 12 months.
While most asphalt companies are skilled, respected and reliable, at all times conduct s research. With all of the enticing and distinctive designs in asphalt stamping, you can easily get carried away. However, your aim ought to be to convey all parts to work in concord and complement each other. For instance, if you have a pool space with an old-faculty design, there are lots of patterns to enrich it exquisitely. Don’t just select a stamping pattern because it's distinctive to keep away from a classy look. Although choosing an exact match can be odd, choose a pattern that enhances as a substitute of matching.

• The region is among the main producers of crude oil on the earth, therefore, its capacity for producing bitumen with premium high quality is phenomenal.

Approximately 75% of the bitumen could be recovered from the sand.Profit margins are restricted by the truth that the tar sands can't be processed as quickly and with out chemical processing. Saudi Crude Oil, by comparability may be pumped directly from the ground. The extraction and refining processes related to tar sands cost firms mining tar sands in Canada roughly $27 per barrel. Once we turn to the environmental costs of the tar sands business in Canada, occasions take a sudden flip for the more severe. This sort of bitumen is a chemical combination of bitumen and water.
Dimensional shingles function a thicker base layer of asphalt-saturated fiberglass. Fused to that solid layer is a tabbed layer, normally with more pronounced notches. The advantages of three-tab shingles are their decrease cost and flat profile which makes it troublesome for the wind to get underneath the shingles or catch and lift Bitumen supplier in Malaysia up a shingle. Budget, time to rehab and climate are important elements when choosing a material for parking tons. Many are asphalt because it’s simpler to repair, cheaper and never subject to temperature variations.

3 The asphalt cement may be emulsified to supply a liquid that may be easily pumped via pipes, mixed with mixture, or sprayed through nozzles. To emulsify, the asphalt cement is floor into globules 5 to 10 microns and smaller . An emulsifying agent is added, which reduces the tendency of the asphalt and water to separate. The emulsifying agent may be colloidal clay, soluble or insoluble silicates, soap, or sulphonated vegetable oils.
Such deposits are generally shut enough to the floor to be mined by open-pit, underground mining, or by in-situ strategies. Most of the organic matter in oil shale is insoluble in strange organic solvents, whereas some is bitumen that's soluble in certain natural solvents. Solid hydrocarbons, including gilsonite, wurtzilite, grahamite, ozokerite, and albertite, are present Bitumen SC800 price as veins or pods in some oil shales. These hydrocarbons have considerably varied chemical and bodily traits, and several other have been mined commercially. Oil shale is a rock that contains vital quantities of natural material in the type of kerogen.
Bituminite, however, is essentially amorphous, lacks recognizable biologic constructions, and weakly fluoresces beneath blue light. It commonly occurs as an natural groundmass with fantastic-grained mineral matter. The material has not been totally characterized with respect to its composition or origin, but it's commonly an important component of marine oil shales. Coaly supplies together with vitrinite and inertinite are rare to ample elements of oil shale; each are derived from humic matter of land plants and have moderate and high reflectance, respectively, under the microscope. Organic matter in oil shale consists of the stays of algae, spores, pollen, plant cuticle and corky fragments of herbaceous and woody plants, and different cellular remains of lacustrine, marine, and land plants. These materials are composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Since cleavage and chalkiness, and their associated loss, are the most prevalent issues confronted by polychrome objects, consolidation of the paint layer is a typical portion of therapies. This can be accomplished by impregnating the floor with resins or waxes. The next possibility would be to conduct the reformation process with the addition of a suitable resinous element to the reforming resolution. The fundamental procedure for reforming is to first decide which, if any, solvents modify and reliquify the existing coating. If the intent is to solely partially reform the coating, similar to when re adhering a delaminated coating to the substrate, the solvent may be introduced in a vapor chamber with good success.

Geology And Sources Of Some World Oil

The first use of asphalt by the ancients was within the nature of a cement for securing or joining collectively varied objects, and it thus appears probably that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically, Herodotus talked about that bitumen was delivered to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall. From the Greek, the word handed into late Latin, and thence into French and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt"). In French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring asphalt-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content material than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads. It is a non-polluting clean gas since the only combustion product is water and so its use wouldn't result in all environmental problems related to burning fossil fuels.
The presence of a certain complex of oxygen will affect the acidity of the bitumen. The acidity of the bitumen is an element whose determination will assist in figuring out the adhering functionality of the bitumen with the mixture particles. Based on the micelles dispersion, the bitumen can both exist within the form of a sol or in the type of a gel. The gel is shaped when the micelles undergo flocculation to turn into flakes. We can both go for constantly graded aggregates, that are referred to as as asphalt concrete or else the aggregates used could be hole graded, that are known as hot rolled asphalts or stone asphalt . Asphalts are bitumen mixture whose strength and stiffness is gained through the mortar property.

• After mixing, the fabric is then emptied from the pugmill into trucks, storage silos, or surge bins.
• Cannel coals originate in oxygen-poor ponds or shallow lakes in peat-forming swamps and bogs (Stach and others, 1975, p. ).

Diminishing mechanical stresses through mitigation of environmental fluctuations (relative humidity especially) should always be a part of the absolute best situation for preserving coatings. The following treatment choices and procedures are introduced in that gentle. As has been discussed elsewhere on this piece, the best is to intervene the minimal extent necessary to stabilize the thing and attain the treatment objectives. Determining the correct therapy bitumen suppliers in UAE of clear coatings is key for treating coatings of any type, and is often the inspiration on which all additional action is predicated. For a number of of the broad choice classes, a number of additional concerns are explored, each of which should be evaluated and considered. The choices beneath are roughly listed from least intrusive to most, however this listing is on no account the final word on the topic.

For nearly four many years, EXCEL has delivered excellence to shoppers in the petrochemical, oil & fuel, energy technology, water, and manufacturing markets. We are a premier provider of project administration, development, upkeep, turnarounds, fabrication, building services, catastrophe restoration, and specialty providers. All three Malarkey manufacturing facilities have achieved the Waste Diversion from Landfill certification from GreenCircle Certified, LLC, demonstrating accountable management of finish-of-life supplies. GreenCircle offers third-celebration certification of sustainability claims via a rigorous scientific analysis based mostly on internationally recognized requirements and tips. The stiffness of the fabric is governed by the sulfur that is present in vital amounts primarily in high molecular weighed fractions.

The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit phrases jatu, meaning "pitch", and jatu-krit, which means "pitch creating" or "pitch producing" . The Latin equal is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men , and by others, pixtumens , which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing through Bitumen MC30 supplier French into English. From Bitumen VG 40 price is derived the Anglo-Saxon word cwidu , the German word Kitt and the old Norse word kvada. For naturally occurring bituminous sands used for petroleum manufacturing, see Oil sands.
After separation, these fractions are further refined into different merchandise which include asphalt, paraffin, gasoline, naphtha, lubricating oil, kerosene, and diesel oil. Since asphalt is the base or heavy constituent of crude petroleum, it does not evaporate or boil off through the distillation course of. Because of the problem of shifting crude bitumen by way of pipelines, non-upgraded bitumen is often diluted with natural-gasoline condensate in a type referred to as dilbit or with artificial crude oil, known liquid bitumen as synbit. This sour, heavy crude oil mix is designed to have uniform refining traits to compete with internationally marketed heavy oils similar to Mexican Mayan or Arabian Dubai Crude. The worth of the deposit was obvious from the start, but the technique of extracting the bitumen was not. The nearest city, Fort McMurray, Alberta, was a small fur buying and selling post, different markets had been far away, and transportation prices have been too high to ship the uncooked bituminous sand for paving.
Bitumen MC70 price is defined because the ratio between the applied shear stress and induced shear rate of a fluid. In the usual take a look at for bitumen content , a small pattern of about 2 g of the asphalt is dissolved in 100 ml of carbon disulfide and the answer is filtered via a filtering mat in a filtering crucible. The material retained on the filter is then dried and weighed, and used to calculate the bitumen content as a proportion of the load of the unique asphalt. Due to the intense flammability of carbon disulfide, solubility in trichloroethylene, somewhat than solubility in carbon disulfide, is normally utilized in asphalt cement specifications.
For example, very small liposomes (a term coined and trademarked as Nanosomes™) can encapsulate and carry water-soluble and oil-soluble components. These liposomes can trade entrapped molecules, including phospholipids and cholesterol, with cell membranes. When liposomes in water face an oil barrier they can transport material or even whole liposomes by way bitumen Iran of that medium. Complex morphological and conformational changes of phospholipids, in addition to liposomal and cell membrane modifications, happen throughout their interactions. Torbanite, tasmanite, and kukersite are associated to specific kinds of algae from which the natural matter was derived; the names are based on local geographic features.
Asphalt naturally turns into stiffer over time due to oxidation, evaporation, exudation, and physical hardening. For this cause, recycled asphalt is often mixed with virgin asphalt, softening agents, and/or rejuvenating additives to restore its bodily and chemical properties. Selenizza is principally used as an additive in the road building sector. https://pbase.com/topics/petrochemicalproducts/the_real_history_of_bitumino is blended with traditional asphalt to enhance both the viscoelastic properties and the resistance to ageing.
Bureau of Mines for analyzing oil shale of the Green River Formation in the western United States . The method was subsequently standardized because the American Society for Testing and Materials Method D . Some laboratories have additional modified the Fischer assay method to better consider several types of oil shale and completely different methods of oil-shale processing.

The country is planning to attain its goal of 5 trillion value economic system, where infrastructure and road building will play an inseparable half in coming decade. Similarly, other growing economies of the area are additionally projecting their progress in comparable method, thereby increasing demand within the near future. Other than building sector, the product is among the many main uncooked materials used in manufacturing of varied industrial products, corresponding to adhesives, roofing material, sealing, and insulation.
The Oil Price forecast on the finish of the month sixty five.16, change for January 5.7%. The Oil Price forecast at the finish of the month 61 Bitumen RC70 supplier.64, change for December -6.2%. The Oil Price forecast at the finish of the month sixty five.71, change for November 6.2%.

• Bitumen RC250 forecast on the end of the month sixty nine.40, change for May -6.2%.
• Bitumen penetration grade 60/70 means the penetration worth is within the range 60 to 70 at standard test situations which commonly used as a Paving Grade.

Russian archaeologists recently discovered a Greek amphora filled with bitumen on the Taman peninsula on the northern shore of the Black Sea. Several Roman writers such as Diodorus Siculus and Pliny mention bitumen as being offered to Egyptians for embalming processes. Until advanced chemical analysis was out there, black balms used throughout the Egyptian dynasties had been assumed to have been treated with bitumen, blended with fats/oil, beeswax, and resin. The use of bitumen in embalming methods on Egyptian mummies was important starting at the finish of the New Kingdom --in fact, the word from which mummy is derived ' mumiyyah' means bitumen in Arabic. Bitumen was a serious constituent for Third Intermediate period and Roman period Egyptian embalming techniques, along with traditional blends of pine resins, animal fat, and beeswax. The earliest reed boat discovered thus far was coated with bitumen, at the web site of H3 at As-Sabiyah in Kuwait, dated about 5000 BC; its bitumen was discovered to have come from the Ubaid site of Mesopotamia.
If you consider what is going on in the tank, there are convection cells bringing 'hot' bitumen to the wall where it cools because of the heat losses, it sinks and flows backwards the middle of the tank. Depending on the magnitude of this warmth switch coefficient in comparison with the resistance from the mineral wool insulation, the inside wall temperature might be low enough to have a significant effect on your warmth losses. For Bitumen 60/70 Dubai , the inside wall temperature is not 320F, it's 250F to drag a number out of the air so the dT for heat losses by way of the wall is 250F - 68F, not 320F - 68F.
Penetration Asphalt Grade additionally used for the manufacturing of Asphalt pavements. Tiger Bitumen 60/70 one of the used bitumen grades and it’s a fundamental materials for all different bituminous merchandise. Various bitumen kind finds wider application in construction and industrial sector on account to sort of manufacturing method and its resulting properties. Paving are categorized as penetration graded bitumen product. It is derived from particularly selected crude oils by way of meticulously monitored refining processes.

Unfavorable Emissions

This was the fifth consecutive day when the rates remained unchanged within the country. The rates had gone up on 22 days for the reason that daily revision of rates restarted on June 7 before the charges noticed a pause in the last five days. On a median, the rates increased by a mean of 50 – 60 paise per day. In the international market, crude oil was trading at $forty two per barrel. Given this, the rates of gasoline are expected to shot up once more. In this month, the crude oil rate per barrel has increased by $6.
Investments in the oil sands continued to decline, taking place from about $23.4 billion in 2015 to an estimated $16.6 billion in 2016. The framework follows international practices of threat and profit sharing between the homeowners and the companies that develop the useful resource. It is a revenue-minus-cost structure that recognizes the unique Bitumen RC800 revenues and prices for every project. Oil sands are a naturally occurring mixture of bitumen , sand, clay or different minerals and water. How oil sands royalties are collected and the way the system is performing, together with data for individual projects. values are from the AGAGE gasoline chromatography – mass spectrometer (gc-ms) Medusa measuring system.

Due to those factors, the prices of diesel noticed a decline of 2.37% over the course of the month in Kolkata. The considerations of the coronavirus ensured that the prices of diesel lowered within the fourth week of January. Diesel prices decreased as well after the World Health Organisation introduced the coronavirus as a worldwide health emergency. Over the month, the rates of diesel remained mostly unchanged within the city. There was a minimal enhance of 1 paise on 21st May for every litre.

Because we’re in a tank, we’ve accomplished checks up to 4 weeks, so we are able to truly monitor that shift in effects from BTEX to effects from PAHs and how they may change with time. Over the subsequent four years, we hope to supply a fair Bitumen supplier in Malaysia bit of latest knowledge in that inter-relationship of oil weathering, oil biodegradation and the toxicity of the water concurrently. On this episode of AskNRCan, scientist Heather Dettman sits down with us to discuss her work with diluted bitumen to improve the transportation of crude oil and better perceive how oil spills behave in water.
This surge was primarily because the Government rising the excise responsibility and road and maintenance cess on diesel and petrol. Diesel pricr in Kolkata opened at Rs.67.46 per litre, similar as earlier day’s closing price. This was also the lowest recorded price for the month of August. The droop Pasargad embossed price was primarily because of the weak demand of the oil. Meanwhile, within the worldwide market, crude gained after US inventories fell. Price of diesel in Kolkata opened at Rs.68.14 per litre on 8 August, recording an 8 paise slump from the day past’s closing price.

Other countries with quick rising emissions are South Korea, Iran, and Australia . On the other hand, annual per capita emissions of the EU-15 and the US are progressively reducing over time. Emissions in Russia and Ukraine have decreased fastest since 1990 as a result of financial restructuring in these international locations. While cities are typically considered to be disproportionate contributors to emissions, per-capita emissions tend to be lower for cities than the averages of their countries.
The Oil Price forecast on the end of the month eighty five.forty seven, change for December 6.2%. The Oil Price forecast at the end of the month 80.48 , change for November 6.2%. The Oil Price forecast at the end of the month 75.seventy eight, change for October 2.8%.
But with geological changes in Alberta, it turned close enough to the surface and became biodegraded. Bitumen exporter to Dar Es Salam of the gasoline and diesel parts ended up being eaten by the microbes within the ground. Now, the bitumen itself is lacking its gasoline.
By following this method of pricing petrol or diesel, oil firms are able to offset any losses as well as pass on any discount in prices to shoppers. Crude oil prices through the week have been impacted by the tensions in the Middle East and the falling US inventories indicating a weak demand for crude out there and possibly affecting the worldwide financial system negatively. Diesel price in Kolkata was recorded at Rs.66.19 per litre on 1 July.

Birch bark is used to make particularly nice tar, generally known as "Russian oil", suitable for leather-based protection. When deciduous tree woods are subjected to destructive distillation, the merchandise are methanol and charcoal. Southern Oil Refining is a personal, 100% Australian owned company working nationally. We have been re-refining waste oil and advertising top quality base oils, gas oils and bitumen components since 2001.
It continues to be used as an additive within the flavoring of candy, alcohol, and other foods. Producing tar from wood was identified in historic Greece and has most likely been utilized in Scandinavia because the Iron Age. Production and trade in pine-derived tar was a significant contributor in the economies of Northern Europe and Colonial America. Its main use was in preserving picket sailing vessels in opposition to rot.

A bitumen emulsion is obtained by blending bitumen with water and an additive known as an emulsifier. The emulsified suspension accommodates dispersed minute particles of bitumen . In a bituminous emulsion, bitumen is the ‘dispersed’ section Bitumen RC800 for sale , whereas water is the ‘continuous’ section by which it's not soluble.

However, the ensuing material just isn't almost as durable as HMAC or WAM, and it's usually used for low visitors areas or to patch broken HMAC. Thus, a cement concrete pavement is probably the most superior highway construction primarily from the perspective of power and sturdiness bitumen 80 100. The components of the concrete mix, viz., the coarse mixture and nice mixture should be selected fastidiously to satisfy the desirable properties for concrete-making. Potable water is mostly considered satisfactory making cement concrete.
In case of cut-backs the blending course of has affect on efficiency of bituminous waterproofing brokers. The soil-bitumen base course resist deformation via cementing motion of bitumen which binds the soil companions collectively. The thin coating of bitumen across the soil particles also provides excessive degree of waterproofing which additionally resists deformation. The quantity of cement required for stabilization will increase as soil plasticity will increase. For extremely plastic soils as much as 15 to twenty per cent cement by weight of soil is required for hardening of soil. Stabilization of soil with cements consists of adding cement to pulverized soil and permitting the mixture to harden by hydration of cement.

What Are Various Kinds Of Asphalt?

The amount of bitumen to be combined with water could range from 40 to 70% depending upon the supposed use of the suspension. Jey bitumen and adhesion – The bitumen ought to have good affinity to the aggregates and shouldn't be stripped off within the continued presence of water. Bitumen occurring in nature as rock intrusions invariably accommodates inert inorganic supplies or minerals; in such a case it is called asphalt. It can be present in lakes , during which case it is called lake asphalt. However, in American terminology, bitumen itself is termed asphalt, regardless of whether it contains inorganic/mineral matter or not.

It is the resistance to the method of disintegration due to the weathering action of the forces of nature. The property by advantage of which the combination withstands weathering is known as soundness. Note – Even separate move-charts could also bitumen manufacturers be proven for coarse-grained and nice-grained soils. The Plasticity Chart utilized in IS system of soil classification is proven in Fig. Coarse-grained soil – More than 50% of the total material by weight is bigger than seventy five μm IS sieve size.
The crude tar thus produced is efficiently used for making road tars; these are known as low temperature tars. Road tar – A tar refined in high quality and consistency for use in paving of roads. Based on the actual need, care must be exercised in selecting the type of emulsion and the quantity wanted for the specified grade of bituminous mix. Better coating of aggregates as a result of low viscosity of the emulsion. Bitumen VG 30 price is then handed through another nonetheless for subsequent switch to a different column working beneath vacuum and injected with steam. The newest process dispenses with steam and relies on dry vacuum solely, thus enabling a wide range of bitumen to be produced.

Mixture Formulations

As tars have more phenol content, they can get extra simply oxidised than bitumen. The coal-tar produced within the manufacture of coking coal requires carbonation at excessive temperatures above one thousand°C. In view of the growing demand for road tars in recent times, a brand new expertise often known as low temperature carbonisation has come into vogue. Pitch – Black or darkish brown solid cementitious residue which steadily liquefies when heated and which is produced by distilling off the unstable constituents from tar. Refined tar – Produced from crude tar by distillation to remove water and to produce a residue of desired consistency. Water-fuel tar – A petroleum tar produced by cracking oils at excessive temperature in the production of carburetted water-gasoline.
In addition, certain soils containing shells, cinders and different non-soil materials in sufficient portions are additionally grouped on this division. The US Bureau of Public Roads developed a classification system, known as the Public Roads Administration classification system in 1931, particularly meant to be used in road construction. This was revised several instances, and the one given here is that revised in 1945 by the American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials . This system relies on each particle measurement and plasticity characteristics. Textural or grain measurement classification of soil is based on the particle measurement of the soil.

• Different sorts are distinguished according to the method used to bind the combination with the asphalt.
• Sometimes, https://www.blackplanet.com/petrochemicalsarticl/message/23302164 are used to reinforce the subbase and further strengthen the roads.

Further research has been carried out to discover new types of waste which may be recycled into asphalt mixes. A 2020 research carried out in Melbourne, Australia presented a variety of methods for incorporating waste supplies into asphalt concrete. Beyond RAP and RAS, a range of waste supplies could be re-used rather than virgin combination, or as rejuvenators.
While in its emulsified state, the asphalt is less viscous and the combination is easy to work and compact. The emulsion will break after enough water evaporates and the cold mix will, ideally, take on the properties of an HMA pavement. While in its dissolved state, the asphalt is much less viscous and the combo is straightforward to work and compact. Thus, base courses, sub-base courses and even the floor or sporting programs require the usage of these materials.
We are certainly one of Canada's largest suppliers of supplies testing equipment (damaging and non-destructive) for area & laboratory use. We provide complete sales, service and calibrations from our places all through Canada together with electronic, electrical, hydraulic and mechanical on-web site calibrations to C.S.A. & A.S.T.M. specifications. The soil can be stabilized by introducing geotextiles and fabrics which are made of synthetic materials, such as polythene, polyester, nylon. Their permeability is corresponding to that of nice sand to coarse sand. Cooling causes a small lack of strength of clayey soil as a result of a rise in interparticle repulsion. However, if the temperature is reduced to the freezing point, the pure water freezes and the soil is stabilized.