RUSAVTOBUS.RU http://www.liveinternet.ru/app/msk
802.11i |
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10 |
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UTP- |
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" " (twisted pair) - , |
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TCP/IP ( 7 ) |
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TCP/IP ( 6 ) |
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TCP/IP ( 5 ) |
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TCP/IP ( 3 ) |
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TCP/IP ( 2 ) |
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TCP/IP ( 1 ) |
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: "" Alcatel/L |
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Wi-Fi |
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Cisco 7200 / 7200VXR |
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7200 , , . , , . Cisco 7200 , .
7200 Cisco IOSTM Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) .
Cisco 7200 , :
- | |
- | SONET/SDH |
- | ATM |
- | E3 E1 |
- | IBM |
- | (PBX) E1, |
Cisco 7200 . , , (Quality of Service) .
Cisco 7200
7204 | 7206 | 7204VXR | 7206VXR | |
4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | |
600 / | 600 / | 1 / | 1 / | |
NPE-100 | ||||
NPE-150 | ||||
NPE-175 | ||||
NPE-200 | ||||
NPE-250 | ||||
NPE-300 |
- | Cisco IOSTM |
- | : Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, 100VG-AnyLAN, Token Ring, FDDI |
- | ISDN PRI/BRI, HSSI, T3/E3, ATM |
- | E1 |
- | () TCP/IP, , , IP. ITU G.729, G.726, G.711 G.723.1 , 120 |
- | , IBM- Cisco 7200 24 Token Ring |
- | Tandem Switching IP Frame Relay |
- | () (Redundant Power Supply— RPS) (Mean Time Between Failure— MTBF) |
- | , SNMP CiscoView |
- |
- | (Enterprise Feature Set) |
- | IPSec (Plus Encryption Feature Set) |
- | (IOS Firewall Feature Set) |
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. ip .
ip
KingTel 2002P KingTel 2002P — IP- KingTel
Planet VIP-190
Planet VIP-190 — WiFi- Planet
VoIP , 2,4 802.11b. .
Wi-Fi . MESH, PLANET .
, MESH, Wi-Fi , ( ). MESH .
:
, Gsm .
ip .
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AAL5/ATM ATM Adaptation Level 5/ Asynchronous Transfer Mode DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Freqency DSS-1 Digital Subscriber Signalling System #1 DNS Domain Name Service GSM Global System for Mobile ITU-T International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network IPX Internet Packet eXchange IETF Internet Engineering Task Force LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol MMUSIC Multiparty Multimedia Session Control MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol NAT Network Address Translator QoS Quality of Service. RTT round trip time RTSP Real-Time Streaming Protocol RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol RAS Registration Admission and Status. SIP Session Initiation Protocol SDP Session Description Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol URL Universal Resource Locators UAC User Agent Client UAS User Agent Server UA User Agent 7 7
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SIP - HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, RFC 2068). SIP <->, . 2., , . , , , , .
. 2 "-"SIP. , , . , .
, (.. ), , , - User Agent Client (UAC) - - User Agent Server (UAS).
, UAS UAC ( ) , SIP . UAS, UAC, - User Agent (UA), SIP.
SIP: - (proxy server) (redirect server).
-- ( proxy - ) . , , , . , , .. - , , . - ( registrar) , LDAP (RFC 1777), rwhois (RFC 2167) .
- - (stateful) (stateless).
, . , .. .
, , . , , . - , :
- TCP ;
, - , .. , -, .
- ;
- ., . , , , . , . , - - .
- . IP- pec - . - . , , , , , . - , , , , SIP- , .
. , . .
RAS -. , -. . .
- SIP-. , .
, . , , , , . , , REGISTER. : , . , , , , , - .
, . , .
- ( registrar) -, .
RFC 2543 , . , , , . SIP- LDAP (RFC 1777), rwhois (RFC 2167), .
SIP-, , SIP : , - . . 3 SIP.
, SIP-, . 3, . , , , SIP-. : SIP- (UA) SIP-, Ethernet (SI-, Cisco Systems, ). , SlP-, . : (, ) , - . , , .
. 3 SIPSIP- 4.
. , . - . SIP
. 4 SIP-
SIP . , SIP, , , . , , , .. , . Request-URI SIP- , . Request-URI , , , Request-URI - .
SIP
INVITE . , ( ), , , . INVITE , , , , , ( )., , , , SIP-. INVITE . INVITE.
INVITE. , INVITE, .. , INVITE. , .
CANCEL , CANCEL, Call-ID, To, From CSeq, , . , CANCEL , - . , , CANCEL.
BYE . , BYE, () 200 .
REGISTER . :
OPTIONS . . OPTIONS , . .
- , ;
- From . , , , ;
- Contact , INVITE. REGISTER Contact , . <*>;
- Expires , . , - 1 , . , REGISTER Expires, , Contact.
SIP , . , . , SIP . - INFO. :
SI, , , INVITE (. 6).
- /ISDN/ ;
- DTMF ;
- .
INVITE sip: watson@boston.bell-tel.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP kton.bell-tel.com From: A. Bell To: T. Watson Call-ID: 3298420296@kton.bell-tel.com Cseq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp Content-Length: ... v=0 o=bell 53655765 2353687637 IN I4 12&.3.4.5 C=IN IP4 kton.bell-tel.com m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 0345Bell (a.g.bell@bell-tel.com) Watson (watson@bell-tel.com). - (boston.bell-tel.com). From , . SDP, 3456 , RTP : 0 - PCMU, 3 - GSM, 4 - G.723 5 - DVI4.
. 6 INVITESIP, UDP, , , . , , , SDP, ( 3).
3. SIP
c Content-Type e Content- Encoding f From i Call-ID m Contact ( "moved") l Content-Length s Subject t To v Via
INVITE, 6, (. 7):INVITE sip: watson@boston.bell-tel.com SIP/2.0 v: SIP/2.0/UDP kton.bell-tel.com f: A. Bell t: T. Watson i: 3298420296@kton.bell-tel.com Cseq: 1 INVITE : application/sdp l: ... v=0 o=bell 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 128.3.4.5 C=IN IP4 kton.bell-tel.com m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 0345
. 7 INVITE4. SIP
INVITE . SDP- INVITE BYE . , CANCEL Call-ID, , From CSeq, CANCEL REGISTER OPTION
SIP
, (-) . : , , .. SIP HTTP., . . , , . , .
: . , . , , - 1. , , 100 Trying, , , . , , ( ) . - 180 Ringing; < > , .
, 2, 3, 4, 5 6. , , . .
2 , . 2 -200 . , :
, :
- 200 OK INVITE , ; ;
- 200 OK BYE , ;
- 200 OK CANCEL , ;
- 200 OK REGISTER , ;
- 200 OK OPTION , .
4 , . :
- 300 Multiple Choices SIP-, , ;
- 301 Moved Permanently , , , , Contact;
- 302 Moved Temporary , ( Expires) , Contact.
5 , - :
- 400 Bad Request , - ;
- 401 Unauthorized , . , , ;
- 403 Forbidden , , . . , , ..;
- 485 Ambiguous , ;
- 486 Busy Here , . , , .
6 , :
- 500 Server Internal Error , - . ;
- 501 Not Implemented , , . , , ;
- 502 Bad Gateway , , -, , ;
- 503 Service Unavailable , .
SIP-. , . TCP , , TCP-.
- 600 Busy Everywhere , . , ;
- 603 Decline , . ;
- 604 Does Not Exist Anywhere , .
8 INVITE:
SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP kton.bell-tel.m From: A. BellWatson , Bell. (. 7). , 5004 , PCMU, GSM. From, To, Via, Call-ID , 7. , INVITE CSeq:1.
. 8 SIP- 200 OK, , , SIP . , - . 5 , SIP.
5. SIP
100 Trying , , , 180 Ringing . 181 Call Is Being Forwarded - 182 Queued , . , 200 OK 300 Multiple Choices . 301 Moved Permanently , Contact 302 Moved Temporarily , Contact 305 Use Proxy , -. -, Contact. (UAS) 380 Alternative Service , , . , 400 Bad Bequest 401 Unauthorised 402 Payment Required 403 Forbidden 404 Not Found , Request-URI 405 Method Not Allowed , Request-URI. Allow 406 Not Acceptable , , 407 Proxy Authentication Required - 408 Request Timeout , , , , Expires . 409 Conflict REGISTER - , action , 410 Gone , 411 Length Required Content-Length 413 Request Entity Too Large 414 Request-URI Too Large , Request-URI, , 415 Unsupported Media Type 420 Bad Extension , Require 480 Temporarily not available 481 Call Beg/Transaction Does Not Exist Y, , CANCEL, 482 Loop Detected , ( Via ) 483 Too Many Hops Via, -, Max-Forwards 484 Address Incomplete Request-URI. 485 Ambiguous . Contact , 486 Busy Here . 500 Internal Server Error 501 Not Implemented , . , 502 Bad Gateway , -, , 503 Service Unavailable 504 Gateway Timeout , -, (, ), 505 SIP Version not supported SIP 600 Busy Everywhere . 603 Decline . 604 Does not exist anywhere 606 Not Acceptable - , , SDP, ..
SIP
SIP 3 : -, . , - . -, SIP- . , . , , .. , -, , -. , - .. , , , . ; .
. . INVITE (1) 5060, ( 9). . (2), (3). 302 Moved temporarily (4), . 302 (5).
. INVITE (6) Call-ID, CSeq. INVITE SDP. INVITE , 100 Trying (7) . , 180 Ringing (8). 200 OK (9), SDP. (10). .
. 9BYE (11), 200 OK (12).
-
-. . INVITE (1) - 5060, ( 10). . - (2), (3). - INVITE (4). , Via - , . , 180 Ringing (5), , From, Call-ID, CSeq Via. 200 OK (6), SDP. (7). .BYE (8), 200 OK (9).
-, .
. 10 -SIP
SIP.< > . 11 . , , , , .
< > , , , . , , ; . , , INVITE , , , , INVITE Also, , . , INVITE , , Also. , ( 12).
. 11 " "< > , , , ( 13).
. 12 " "Call-Disposition, . INVITE Call-Disposition: Queue, : , , . 182 Queued, . , , 200 . .323 SIP
. 13 " "
SIP .323, , SIP , .323. , . IP- .323 ( ), SIP ( ). , .. ITU-T IETF. , ITU-T , IETF , Internet.
, .
. , , .
, .323, ITU-T H.450.X. SIP , , -. , .
, :
. SIP : MCU, . , .. . .
- (Call hold);
- (Call Transfer);
- (Call Forwarding);
- (Call Waiting);
- .
.323 , (Multipoint Controller), . , -, , -, . , < >. , ITU-T .323 , . .323 .
SIP IP- ( Mbone, ). SIP ( .323), . , INVITE, (Call-center) .
, .323 , , . SIP , , , .
SIP (third-party call control). , . .323, .
SIP , . .323 . , SIP- .
. SIP , , - ( ) .. SIP , . .323, . , , . , LRQ, .
. . (extensibility) :
SIP . , , . , . - Require. , , , , , , .
- ;
- ;
- .
, IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) . IANA . , . .
SIP 6 . , . .
.323 . , , .
.323 NonStandardParameter. , , , . , . -, , -, . , .
, , , , . SIP SDP. - , IANA, .
.323 . .323.
SIP (), . , , (QoS). , , (service discovery) .
.323 . , .
(scalablllty). SIP, , , .323, (statefull). , , , IP- .
.323, .
. , , . INVITE SIP , . , SIP , .323 . SIP .323. , .245 .225 Fast Connect .
, , . .323 .225 .245 TCP, UDP. SIP TCP UDP .
- RTT (round trip time) - SIP 1,5+2,5 RTT, .323 6-7 RTT
. , , . URL SIP DNS- , IP-. Web- . SIP .
.323 alias-. , . alias- .
. .323, , SIP. .323 700 . SIP 150 . .323 ( 100), SIP. SIP (INVITE, BYE ) (, From, Call-ID, CSeq).
SIP , HTTP. , , , , . SIP- .
.323 ASN.1, . ASN. 1. , , , , .
.323 (firewall). , .323 . , , .245 RTCP .
. , SIP Internet-, IP- .
, Internet , , .323, , .323, ISDN, IP-.
, - .323, .
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