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Создан: 27.08.2019
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Machines and AI Are Taking Over Jobs Lost to Coronavirus

Понедельник, 03 Октября 2022 г. 21:31 + в цитатник

Mr Susskind wisely hedges his bets, declaring that “in all likelihood, there will be enough work for humans to do for a while yet.” The problem, he says, lies in the long run. It’s a repetitive process based on numbers and hard data that a computer can be taught to interpret without much difficulty. It is a slow, boring procedure, one that few employees enjoy. As of 2020, 48% of companies still use manual data entry, according to a survey on workplace automation. Handing this common task off to AI systems comes with several benefits.
“I don’t want companies leaving our country,” the new President said. And though “The Once and Future Worker” offers a rousing call for an honest reckoning with American economic policy, it also indulges in its own sleight of hand. “The story goes that ‘automation’ or the ‘knowledge economy,’ not bad public policy, is to blame,” Cass writes. “Historically, economists and policy makers have led the effort to explain that technological innovation is good for workers throughout the economy, even as its ‘creative destruction’ causes dislocation for some. So why, suddenly, are they so eager to throw robots and programmers under the bus?





While they replace many jobs formerly performed by relatively low-paid workers, they also make firms more efficient and productive than ever before. Replacing humans with robots might not always be the best choice-some jobs require a personal touch. Although there is widespread recognition that we have created a new species of intelligent machines, how we will respond when confronted with the consequences of what we have done remains to be seen.
Social data briefly touched upon in the article but let’s take sentiment for example, this is where tools have come a long way since their launch, with NLP being key to improving the results, but these are still only 90% accurate. To achieve 100% accuracy the need to retrain posts and comments to the current sentiment will always be needed. With the advent of radio the creative industries boomed as that media took over from newspapers, similarly a boom occurred with television, then another boom occurred with the internet and social media. Ai will in our view present a similar boom for marketeers and the creative industries. Adding in an element of human control to decision making will ensure marketers do not relinquish all responsibility to artificial intelligence. The workplace upheaval that AI brings is being lauded as the fourth industrial revolution but experts warn that the upheaval and disruption could be like nothing we have seen before.

But this assumes workers should fear competition from robots, and that you can define what a robot is in the first place. You could make the case, after all, that even a simple spreadsheet is a robot of sorts. In addition, companies like Facebook and Google use humans to moderate content. Facebook currently employs around 7,500 people for this purpose.
Most jobs sectors that are predicted to be high-growth over the next decade will require high levels of education. One source claims that high-paying jobs requiring a bachelor's degree or above will face only 29% of job change due to automation. Like the field of healthcare, other “high-value” and professional, scientific, and technical service-oriented industries are predicted to experience low levels of automation (34%) accompanied by relative job growth (3.8%). Additionally, given the benefits AI poses to complex, high-skilled vocations, it is likely that AI-related jobs could see an increased share in the economy, a trend that would create more stable, well-paying positions for Americans. The assignment of rote tasks to machines and complex tasks to humans will increase productivity and enhance economic growth.

Lapine told Ars Technica she has Dyskeratosis Congenita, a rare genetic condition that impairs bone marrow function and impacts skin tissue. Photographs of people taken in medical settings have been scraped into a public dataset to train text-to-image models, all without consent for that particular use-case. A weekly digest of the latest from CFR on the biggest foreign policy stories of the week, featuring briefs, opinions, and explainers.
Expect more calls for policymakers to consider steps like “robot taxes” so humans would have a more even playing field with technology. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, hardly a Luddite, floated the idea in 2017, as have public The Future of Work officials like New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio. According to the study, 75 million jobs could be eliminated by 2022 in sectors such as customer management centers, accounting, postal services or assembly plants.

According to David Wood, president of the London Futurists and treasurer of the Transhumanist Party UK, robots might be doing all human activities by the end of 2050, with 10% of them completed by 2025. A billion people might lose their employment owing to AI in the next 10 years, and 375 million positions are in danger of being obsolete due to AI automation. Despite the robustness and adequacy of the current redistribution system, some adjustments will likely be necessary.
2020 will be a pivotal year in AI-related employment dynamics, according to Gartner, Inc., asartificial intelligence will become a positive job motivator. The conflict over the competing methodologies points to a much deeper problem that policymakers should understand. Not only is there a lack of consensus on the best way to model AI-based labor changes, but more important, there is no consensus as to the best policy path to help us prepare for these changes. If you are a federal worker and want to know if your job is in danger of being replaced by AI tools, consider the five factors. How much of your job depends on your expertise, the ability to manage people and the unpredictability of your work tells you where you fall on the AI augmentation/replacement continuum.
When the Immigration and Naturalization Service raided the factory, she hid in a supply closet. The idea that machine learning is a general purpose technology was explored in a paper last month by the National Bureau of Economic Research , a private nonprofit research organization based in Cambridge, Mass. The report found many of the characteristics of a GPT in machine learning, such as widespread interest, being capable of ongoing technical improvement and enabling innovation.

To that end, many industries are pushing to add automation to their factories. One Manufacturer’s Alliance’s 2021 manufacturing workforce trends survey found that 30% of plant managers were implementing some kind of automation. While many tasks that involve predictable work will become automated, this is not the case for work in unpredictable environments. For example, jobs that take place outdoors or jobs working with unpredictable populations will be harder to automate. These results are interesting, but what was really significant were the respondents' written comments elaborating their positions.
Unlike the physical human brain, an AI program can quickly discover problems in narrow, data-based situations, a time-saving benefit that already aids decision making on treatment options in healthcare, for example. More recent innovations in computer science have rekindled fears of more human displacement and job loss. Machine Learning and narrow Artificial Intelligence have become ubiquitous, and unlike previous waves of technological change, these innovations are affecting most, if not all, industries. Fearing the rise of new technology isn’t a new concept; people have been afraid of losing their jobs to machines for hundreds of years. We often use the term “luddite” to describe someone who’s irrationally afraid of new technology, but the term originates as a way of describing textile workers who were afraid that textile machines would make their work irrelevant.

Roles that involve a high level of social intelligence and original ideas are less likely to be replaced by machines. AI-driven investment advisor Munnypot’s co-founder Simon Redgrove believes people will embrace its offer as they did online banking. The service was created because its founders believed existing auto-advice services were too robotic and wanted to create a more natural experience. The majority of the disruption that AI will cause depends on how the people using AI-powered products react. Pictures of Terminator-style takeovers often accompany the headlines surrounding the use of robotics and machine-based services so there is a certain amount of fear attached.

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