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, , , ( - ), , (), ... : , , , "" . , , , " " . [10]
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, , , . , , . "" , , [16].
? , , , , -, . " " ( , , , ), . [17].
, . , , . , . , , , . ? , , , . , , .
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;
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, , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , , [23].
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- : , , , ( " ") . , , , , , [26].
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10: Miranda Green, Animals in Celtic life and myth, Routledge, 1992. Much of the information in this article on the Celtic mythology of dogs is drawn from this book, together with the same author's Symbol and image in Celtic religious art, Routledge, 1989.
11: Green, ibid.
12: 'The hag's house', David Clarke, The ley hunter No.120, 1994
13: Translation by Kirby.
14: Translation by Keith Bosley, The Kanteletar Oxford 1992
15: G. de Santillana and H. von Dechend, op. cit.
16: I am particularly grateful to Frank Earp for drawing attention to this tale, which brings the enigmatic notions of the preceding paragraph more clearly into focus.
17: Temple, op. cit.
18: Bruce Lincoln, Death, war and sacrifice, University of Chicago Press, 1991; citing Bernfried Schlerath, 'Der Hund bei den Indogermanen', Paideuma, 6 (1954), p39.
19: Translation by Alby Stone especially for this article.
20: Sleipnir is Odin's eight-legged steed. But given Odin's own role as a psycopomp, Hilda Ellis Davidson has speculated that such a 'steed' may be a metaphorical reference to a coffin carried by four men.
21: Translation by Alby Stone especially for this article. Gautr is an obscure term which may mean that Odin's ancestors are the Goths, but it is likely to have also meant a human sacrificial victim.
22: Hilda Ellis Davidson, The lost beliefs of northern Europe, Routledge, 1993.
23: Hilda Ellis Davidson, 'Mythical geography in the Edda Poems', Mapping invisible worlds (Cosmos 9), ed. G.D. Flood, Edinburgh University Press, 1993.
24: Hilda Ellis Davidson, The road to Hel, Cambridge, 1943.
25: ibid.
26: Lincoln, op. cit.
27: Lincoln, op. cit.
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