Affected by the epidemic, there isn't any apparent enchancment in downstream demand.The market transactions are gentle, and the worth reduction of enterprises primarily promotes transactions. It is expected that the caustic soda market will run weakly within the quick time period. Loss of panorama due to mining, processing and transporting the bauxite. The excessive cost of the process due to the huge quantities of electrical energy it uses. This is so excessive as a result of to provide 1 mole of aluminium which only weighs 27 g you need 3 moles of electrons.
Its use has become much less frequent, as a result of it could damage the wooden surface, raising the grain and marking the color. Hominy is dried maize kernels reconstituted by soaking in lye-water. These expand significantly in size and could also be additional processed by frying to make corn nuts or by drying and grinding to make grits. Hominy is used to create Masa, a popular flour utilized in Mexican delicacies to make Corn tortillas and tamales. Nixtamal is comparable, but uses calcium hydroxide as a substitute of sodium hydroxide.

• Today, an improved version of this technique, known as the Hooker process , is the one giant-scale industrial methodology of sodium hypochlorite production.
• Owing to the difficulty in obtaining food grade sodium hydroxide in small quantities for house use, sodium carbonate is often used instead of sodium hydroxide.

Sodium hydroxide is industrially produced as a 50% solution by variations of the electrolytic chloralkali process. Solid sodium hydroxide is obtained from this resolution by the evaporation of water. Solid sodium hydroxide is mostly bought as flakes, prills, and cast blocks.

Sodium Hydroxide 1m (1n)

Sodium hydroxide is used in some cement mix plasticisers. Sodium hydroxide is used in some relaxers to straighten hair. However, because of the high incidence and depth of chemical burns, manufacturers of chemical relaxers use different alkaline chemicals in preparations available to average caustic soda for sale customers. Sodium hydroxide relaxers are still available, however they are used largely by professionals. Bagels are often boiled in a lye resolution before baking, contributing to their shiny crust.

The phenomenal offers and discounts on these quality items are certain to wonder. If you're still not sure about this platform, do read the shopper buy caustic soda critiques for getting a clear view of the products they provide. The oxygen given of on the anode reacts with the aluminium surface, to build up a film of oxide as much as about 0.02 mm thick.

Ancient Egyptians and Babylonians used a form of lye around four,800 years ago and recorded it’s use on a clay tablet. For a lot of historical past, water was run through wood ash then mixed with animal fat in a primitive try at soap making. Lye wasn’t actually identified and understood until Sir Humphry Davy found it in 1807. At first, believing it was one of the basic elements; he later went on to discover sodium. Soap – Typically for cold-process soap making, lye is crucial. It may also be used in scorching-process soap making when blended with the appropriate fats and oils.
However, solutions of NaOH may be easily supercooled by many degrees, which allows the formation of hydrates from options with totally different concentrations. crystallizes from water options between 12.3 and sixty one.eight °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is usually this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it as an alternative of the anhydrous compound. With over 20 years expertise in the manufacturing and distribution of solvents and chemical associated merchandise, Sydney Solvents are the Australian chemical experts. Sodium hydroxide liquid answer will cause chemical burns and scarring if it comes into contact with unprotected human tissue. It may cause blindness if it comes into contact with the eyes so the use of eye safety, rubber gloves, security clothes and tools must be used always.

Average North American spot prices of ethylene over the interval. Average Mont Belvieu spot prices of non-TET propane over the interval. Average Mont Belvieu spot prices of purity ethane over the interval. Sodium hydroxide causes severe caustic soda seller pores and skin burns and eye injury, so nice care ought to be taken when handling this hazardous chemical.
The project ought to solely be carried out outdoors or in a well-ventilated house. Used for the production of soap, artificial detergents, synthetic fatty acids. Wear safety goggles and gloves since there's a probability the sodium hydroxide answer may splash up or the glassware might break. Concentrated resolution of sodium hydroxide are corrosive and ought to be dealt with with care.
They can assault metals and destroy skin if spilled, so their containers are labeled with a warning image. sodium hydroxide price per ton are labeled with care and safety. we're committed to offering our greatest chemicals for our purchasers with the most convenient terms of cost, the most scientific logistic answer and the most efficient service after sale. Uses Used in synthetic fiber, papermaking, printing and dyeing, soap making, textile, pharmacy, steel manufacture, pesticide, accumulator cell, leatherette making, organic synthetics andelectroplate. Intratec () is a leading provider of chemicals and utilities pricing information and production cost stories. All of those solids are separated from the sodium tetrahydroxoaluminate answer by filtration.
Sodium hydroxide is a white stable, highly caustic metallic alkali and base of sodium. It is an inorganic compound also known as caustic soda or lye. It is out there in granules, answer, flakes, and pellets.

With your new information and skill, you can give attention to producing odd and low cost bar soaps for laundry, washing and cleaning. Use the sources offered in this article to additional your information and ability in soap making and apply them through apply till you discover that recipe your market will love. Because Caustic Soda releases some toxic gases when it’s added to water, you should shield your eyes with goggles and a face masks to avoid sodium hydroxide buy online breathing within the fuel. There are other basic tools similar to knives , freezer paper (for lining the mould so the soap won’t stick with it) and a few different basic instruments which you’ll learn about in the video tutorial beneath. This is often any container that you simply pour the liquid soap combination into. The soap will cool, harden and eventually take the shape of this container.
Choose white and clear-coloured soaps when you plan on including coloring later. buy caustic soda aren’t as great for customizing, although you possibly can still add fragrances and thickeners to them. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impression on the production of the chief raw materials which are used to fabricate of polyglycolic acid. The novel coronavirus has weakened the supply chains of a number of uncooked materials, given the lockdown throughout numerous countries.

This machine must also be outfitted with a contact pressure gauge to observe the discharge stress. Separators with self-cleaning bowl are only used for this stage in exceptional cases, e.g. in the case of extremely excessive throughput capacities or to be able to do CIP . Solid-wall separators do not require a bottom flush gadget. A second mass move meter ought to be fitted within the discharge of this separator to measure the refined oil move, which is indicated on the monitor of the process control system. The refining loss is continually calculated and likewise indicated by evaluating the crude and refined oil circulate.
20/09/2016Follow the steps talked about in the article above to make aloe vera soap. Mixing lemon juice, salt and water to take away the scent after washing. Finally, if you get a good mixture, simply pour it right into a mould, which is broad and shallow. The subsequent day, it's going to have turned into a stable mass allowing you to chop the aloe vera soap into pieces. Then you have to let the pieces sit for days to give them sufficient time to harden earlier than you can start utilizing them.

Provide Of Inr 1600 Cashback On Caustic Soda For Soap Making 5kg

In this way it is carried in bulk as a 50% or 70% answer; it is known as caustic soda liquor and is a colourless or grey, syrupy liquid with a slight characteristic odour. China and India are the main international locations producing organic chemical compounds within the Asia-Pacific area. With the growing production of polycarbonate, methanol, polyurethane, epoxy resin, acetic acid, etc., the demand for caustic soda will increase considerably in the Asia-Pacific region. China is anticipated to be the biggest market due to the massive-scale production and consumption of the caustic soda merchandise and their derivatives.

• The progress of the Caustic Soda market is pushed by a number of causes such as rising demand for Alumina within the Industry.
• Then, even a 1% addition of beeswax will cause the soap to thicken very quickly.

The length of time taken to stir to the right consistency will rely largely on air temperature and the temperature of the mixture initially. Even when you’re getting actually bored and anxious you have to not rush this stage or the soap won’t set properly and may even separate into two layers. Stir and stir some more, till a spoonful of the combination holds a trail when drizzled on the surface of the soap .

Byproducts

Generally, 20 ounces of lye will make roughly ten pounds of soap, which may be reduce into about 40 regular size bars of soap. Certified Lye™ sells an especially excessive-quality, meals-grade lye, which is manufactured in the USA and is meant primarily to be caustic flakes used in processing food and making soap. Our high-quality, food-grade lye meets the FCC andUSDA standards for meals uses, similar to curing olives, hominy, century eggs, lutefisk and poaching German pretzels. Use caustic soda sellers -grade lye for meals preparation and soapmaking.

You also needs to stir it up occasionally, simply in order that it bakes extra evenly. Heard about it on the Gary Sullivan radio present & bought it online. Please, please, please, listen to me- never, ever, ever put caustic soda down your kitchen sink drain, or any place else that ever has greasy things poured down it. If your drain is a little sluggish, you'll be able to often clean it out and pace it up by mixing 1/four cup of citric acid and baking soda, pouring it down the drain, and then pouring boiling water over it. This will create a volcano like impact, with a lot of effervescent and a lot of steam, but when it clears up, the water ought to go down your drain a lot quicker.
Soda lye contains generally 30 wt% of sodium hydroxide. granulated sodium hydroxide can be used in cleaning, sanitization, and grease removal. In the meals trade, NaOH is reportedly utilized to chemically wash and peel certain vegetables and fruits.
Just divide the materials by two and comply with that process. Add some amount of water to the combination, depending on the thickness of the combination. Leave the combination for some hours or ideally till the next day after which bundle to be used. We present professional industrial options to companies. With over 20 years of experience caustic soda flakes we’ll be sure that you’re all the time getting the most effective outcomes from an award-successful US firm targeted on high quality. Perform responses together with this compound in a very a lot ventilated room or exterior and we offer chemical manufacturers in mumbai .

The following listing outlines some of these widespread components that may impact asphalt paving prices. Go to Alibaba.com for probably the most viscous, versatile, adhesive and but inexpensive. The wholesalers and retailers won't be disenchanted, as they are going to be supplied with different types and portions of. It is confirmed Bitumen 60/70 hs code that they're the least energy-intensive development materials round. bitumen emulsion price have the flexibility to resist de-icing supplies which maintain the roads in nice situation. They allow stage construction, which is kind of helpful when there are monetary constraints or the site visitors on the roads is greater than estimated.
Once you see cracks, restore them immediately to stop the situation from worsening. Depending on the magnitude of the harm on your driveway, it is essential to resolve whether you must restore, resurface with a brand new coat or pay for a alternative. Although b and q caustic soda is your best option, most owners draw back from it because it's expensive and you have to lay a agency basis. Instead, they patch up the bad spots, which is a cheap method in the brief run, but could lead to major issues later.

With the proposed Keystone XL pipeline has come the claim that the crude from north of the border is uniquely risky. There has been criticism from some members of Congress regarding the State Department’s handling of the preliminary environmental influence Bitumen MC3000 price inquiry. An environmental groupobtained emailssent between TransCanada lobbyists and State Department officers, purporting toshow an over-eagernesson the government’s part to grant TransCanada a allow.

Indian Oil Emulsion Bulk & Packed Bitumen Price Up By Rs 260

If you have to save a little, that is the part of the process by which you are able to do so. Ask your contractor to bid out the demolition process to price out how a lot you are saving by doing the job yourself. Consider the length of your driveway and the location of your garage or carport, too. If sodium hydroxide for soap making is located behind your own home, you may need a longer paved driveway, which will drive up costs.

The surplus American condensate and light oil is being exported to Canada and blended with bitumen, and then re-imported to the US as feedstock for refineries. Since the diluent is simply exported after which instantly re-imported, it's not topic to the US ban on exports of crude oil. Once it is back within the US, refineries separate the diluent and re-export it to Canada, which once more bypasses US crude oil export laws since it is now a refinery product. The main downside is that the feedstock could Bitumen SC70 be too viscous to flow through pipelines, so unless it is delivered by tanker or rail automobile, it must be blended with diluent to allow it to move. Bitumen with a excessive viscosity or with too many contaminants, just isn't appropriate for transporting through pipelines or refining. The unique and traditional naphthenic froth remedy makes use of a naphtha solvent with the addition of chemicals.

A skilled asphalt company is aware of tips on how to put together a comprehensive price range and schedule that meets all of your requirements. There are various kinds of asphalt grades containing a special percentage of recycled asphalt in them. Using low-high quality asphalt can have an effect on the look and longevity of your driveway. On the opposite hand, high-grade asphalt with a smaller amount of recycled materials is one of the best.
Topsoil and clayey soil must be removed to a deeper degree than soils which might be mostly sand or gravel. That soil must be loaded and hauled away or deposited elsewhere on the property to be used in landscaping. The paving company will take soil samples to find out how deep your driveway mattress needs to be. Breaking up an current driveway with heavy equipment and hauling it away is quite pricey, especially for concrete because of the labor intensive nature of the work. Stick with us and by the tip you ought to be assured sufficient to precisely estimate the correct pricing on your project and be prepared to speak to skilled asphalt contractors.

• TransCanada has been attempting to get a permit for the pipeline project for more than five years.

The average residential driveway is 608 square toes or 16 ft extensive by 38 feet long. To cover that space with 3 to 4 inches of asphalt millings, householders will need to buy 7.6 tons of recycled asphalt. An asphalt driveway ought to be resurfaced with a layer of asphalt when a contemporary coat of sealer and minor repairs no longer cowl its obvious deterioration. Costs for resurfacing an asphalt driveway are presently Bitumen 60/70 UAE $2.00 to $3.40 per sq. foot for many jobs, as we’ve famous. When cracks are the results of the asphalt settling and growing low spots, the material must be eliminated. The low spot must be filled with compacted mixture before being lined with cold or hot asphalt patch.
Roof shingles can be found in a plethora of designs, shapes and sizes. Given this, folks on the lookout for one of the best options for roof substitute, or for building a brand new roof from scratch, are sometimes confused about what to purchase. Roofing contractors in India may help in assessing your necessities beforehand to be able to make a extra informed determination. Trigger off the process to establish the most appropriate roofing shingles for your wants, today. Standing seam roofs, comprising corrugated or flat metallic panels, are the most well-liked sort of metallic roof shingles out there in India. They provide roofs with straight raised ribs working up and down their slopes.
Actual royalty charges for oil sands Royalty Projects are decided on a monthly basis, based mostly on the price of oil and whether or not the project is in pre- or publish-payout. Calculating the effective gross royalty rate permits for a tough comparison between pre-payout and submit-payout projects. Diluents are one of many largest prices to producing and transporting bitumen. They're a significant Bitumen RC70 factor of royalty project costs in 2016, rising barely in comparison with 2015 but still considerably below 2014 levels. Oil sands Royalty Project prices continued to decline in 2016 as oil companies continued to reduce prices to remain as cost-competitive as attainable in a low oil price setting.

Wood tar is derived from timber and is used in sealing, waterproofing, folks drugs, and even in flavoring since it's used to taste candy and other meals. The two substances are very similar and sometimes the phrases tar and bitumen are used interchangeably. Bitumen may be naturally occurring whereas tar normally must Bitumen VG 30 supplier be artificially distilled. Also, Bitumen occurs in each solid and liquid varieties whereas tar is generally at all times a viscous liquid. The main use (70%) of asphalt is in road development, where it is used as the glue or binder blended with combination particles to create asphalt concrete.

Flat roofs are attribute of the Egyptian, Persian, and Arabian kinds of architecture. are one of the oldest and most generally used construction materials. While their parts are obtained from finite resources, these materials have lengthy been generally known as sustainable products as a result of their capability to extend their serviceable lives via Bitumen price in Iran reclaim, reuse and/or the recycling processes. This chapter presents holistic aspects on the sustainability of bituminous materials, including their sources, processes, productions, requirements, designs, good practices, and preservative maintenance. These works would additionally require nearer collaboration between the industry and authorities to update laws and approval methods.
They have an unbelievably excessive state of magnificence, thus making them very valuable. Tarsolve tar cleaner may also be used as professional different to diesel, for the elimination of bitumen, tar and other bituminous products from tools and tools. TarSolve tar remover will break down and degrade the bitumen and tar. Tarsolve can be used as a highly efficient tar and bitumen remover on smaller objects such as brushes, shovels.

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Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber is an artificial rubber most commonly used in single-ply roofing as a result of it is readily available and easy to use. Seaming and detailing has evolved through the years and is quick, simple and reliable with many membranes together with manufacturing unit applied tape, resulting in a faster set up. The addition of these tapes has reduced labour by as a lot as seventy five%. A fashionable growth in the development of decks, together with flat roof decks, particularly when used as residing area or the roof of a commercial construction is to construct a composite steel deck. alcohol derivatives, ketone derivatives, and hydrocarbons (7–15%, w/w), and other unknown constituents typically referred to as resins in addition to unwell-defined bitumen.

• Refined asphalts are usually greater than 99.5% soluble in carbon disulfide and any impurities that remain are inert.

"Pitch" is https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide used at occasions to check with asphalt, as in Pitch Lake. Applying the new mop in progress is the second step to a general re-roofing course of, acting as a secondary barrier between dry supplies and tiles. It serves to protect the bottom sheet in your roof and keep it watertight.
In reality, beneath working situations, most bitumens are often within the non-Newtonian range. When mixed with aggregate, this produces a material that will be much less prone to temperature changes and extra resistant to creep strains than one made with a standard bitumen. The coal is heated to excessive temperatures within the absence of air, giving off gasoline and crude coal tar, and abandoning coke that's used in blastfurnaces. Crude tar may be distilled in the identical means as crude oil, to produce totally different fractions. For a home-owner who lives in a home for 30 to 40 years earlier than selling, a single $22,000 re-roofing expense might be the one one ever incurred if using steel roofing.

the Egyptians were using asphalt as a waterproofing materials and in addition to impregnate the wrappings of mummies as a preservative. Ancient civilizations extensively used asphalt as a mortar for building and paving blocks used in temples, irrigation techniques, reservoirs, and highways. The asphalts utilized by early civilizations occurred naturally and had been Bitumen SC3000 found in geologic strata as either gentle, workable mortars or as hard, brittle black veins of rock formations . Natural asphalts shaped when crude petroleum oils worked their way up by way of cracks and fissures to the earth's floor. The motion of the sun and wind drove off the lighter oils and gases, leaving a black residue.
TarSolve is invaluable for cleansing automobiles and equipment used for tarring and asphalt laying. Allow it to penetrate and dissolve the tar or asphalt deposits and then hose off with water. For light deposits TarSolve may be diluted with equal components of solvent. Tar mops, brooms, buckets, picks and shovels could be simply and conveniently cleaned by immersing them in a shower of TarSolve on the end of every day. Simply rinsing off Tar Remover the next morning leaves tools in clean, re-usable condition.

This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and consists of quite a few lenses of oil-bearing sand with as much as 20% oil. Isotopic studies present the oil deposits to be about one hundred ten million years old. Two smaller but nonetheless very giant formations occur within the Peace River oil sands and the Cold Lake oil sands, to the west and southeast of the Athabasca oil sands, respectively. Of the Alberta deposits, solely parts of the Athabasca oil sands are shallow sufficient to be suitable for surface mining. The other 80% must be produced by oil wells using enhanced oil recovery methods like steam-assisted gravity drainage. For economic and other reasons, asphalt is sometimes sold combined with different supplies, usually without being labeled as anything apart from simply "asphalt".
The RENOVA is suitable for patching potholes, utility patches and other small asphalt repairs 12 months round whatever the exterior temperature. By eliminating the necessity for utilizing cold patch or a hot combine asphalt plant, the financial savings you will acquire will pay for the machine shortly as you recycle old pavement and patch the area with safe asphalt patch. Asphalt is a combination bitumen supplier in Singapore of liquid petroleum asphalt with sand, gravel, and/or recycled asphalt merchandise, used for surfacing roads, driveways, and parking lots. sodium hydroxide serves as an adhesion for elevated grip on asphalt pavement surfaces. Used as a bonding agent between new and old bituminous asphalt, our tack coat products are famous for his or her high performance. Stick with Tri-State and get it right the primary strive as well as stay on budget.

To note, according to the TransCanada tariffs the batch sizes are very giant and the dedication term is lengthy. This would permit solely essentially the most credit score worthy producers to fulfill these necessities. Others may have to provide Bitumen MC800 supplier expensive letters of credit to satisfy the requirements for the committed toll rate which isn't included in the calculations here. They are 3mm thick as an alternative of 2.6mm, for these wanting further sturdiness.
The tools is identical as for a chip seal operation excluding the brooming mechanism, which is needed after the emulsion is applied and after the combination is spread. The sand seal typically supplies a thicker coating on the pavement surface than the fog seal, resulting in a longer life expectancy. The sand seal on polished combination surfaces can present further skid resistance. Sand seals enrich weathered pavements and fills nice cracks within the pavement surface. The sand can present extra skid resistance to the pavement while additionally inhibiting raveling.

Wickes Bitumen Damp Proof Membrane Liquid

The longer the space between the transverse cracks, the extra lateral movement the crack will exhibit. As with any kind of cracks in the pavement, the width of the opening will range due bitumen suppliers near me to the expansion and contraction of the pavement. The cracks are wider in the winter when the pavement is cold. Cracks are a separation of the pavement and are categorized by the alignment of the cracks in relation to the road centerline.

• Wheel ruts up to 1.5 inches in depth can be crammed with a single move.
• Our Polymers are constructed for sturdiness and deliver resistance to cracking and pothole development.

Extracts from bitumen were used to deal with catarrh and a few types of asthma and as a remedy in opposition to worms, especially the tapeworm. An example of that is throughout the Uinta Basin of Utah, in the US, where there is a swarm of laterally and vertically intensive veins composed of a solid hydrocarbon termed Gilsonite. These veins fashioned by the polymerization and solidification of hydrocarbons that had been mobilized from the deeper oil shales of the Green River Formation during burial and diagenesis.

With rail, diluent is not wanted and in reality isn't desired to be within the oil. Most of the billions of dollars of infrastructure that's currently built to maneuver the diluent in pipelines, terminals, trucks and so forth isn't needed when using rail. Since a pipeline toll of $12.05 in this mix ratio would solely move 70% of a barrel of bitumen, merely divide the toll by 0.7 to normalize to 1 barrel. While a few of the tolls for heavy crude are revealed publicly others usually are not. Where attainable public data and public tolls have been used as supply knowledge. Generally, pipelines have rates for shippers who take a commitment over lengthy durations of time within the 10 to 20 year vary and one for no commitment besides by month.

The $12.05 pipeline toll would solely move 29.4 US gallons of bitumen to market not forty two US gallons and would additionally transfer 12.6 US gallons of condensate. Rail prices assume loading 567 barrels of 956 kg/m3 at 15ºC undiluted bitumen into 25,330 US gallon tank automobiles with a track weight limitation of 268,000 gross weight on rail . Rail charges are calculated using the American Association of Railways published 2015 cents per ton-mile common rail rates for all providers all types of commodities (generic rail rate, non-negotiated). The following chart summarizes the instance of transport one barrel of pure bitumen 2,500 miles from the Fort McMurray area to the US Gulf coast.
As an Amazon Associate, HomeTips earns from qualifying purchases which permits us to continue creating helpful DIY content. The prime overlay of those shingles is usually notched, cut in a sawtooth pattern, and/or offset for definition and interest. Because of their additional thickness, these shingles weigh considerably more than conventional asphalt-primarily based shingles and have longer warranties. Those made for the American market are 12 inches extensive by 36 inches lengthy. With these, a cutout distinguishes each tab, making it look like a person 12-inch-extensive shingle.
It’s ergonomically designed, so it’ll reach into tight areas to fill all kinds of cracks. As such, you don’t need to wrestle to combine or to proportion this asphalt crack filler. ElastiPoxy is an surroundings-friendly asphalt crack filler that may up any crack in your driveway or wall. The product is straightforward to use, and you don’t should have any specialized information to make use of this product. The state-of-artwork sealant is ideal for a variety of applications, together with concrete and masonry.
sodium hydroxide online Cracking�Alligator cracks are related to vehicle loading and, therefore, tend to seem inside the wheel tracks. These cracks begin as longitudinal cracks, and the damaged space progressively will increase in time, if not handled. The cracks interconnect and kind a pattern Bitumen MC800 supplier just like the skin of an alligator. Alligator cracks are usually related to pavement structural failure. Block Cracking�Block cracking is a series of cracks that kind block-shaped patterns. These rectangular shapes vary in sizes from 1 foot sq. to 10 feet squares.
Asphalt properties change with temperature, which means that there's a specific range where viscosity permits adequate compaction by providing lubrication between particles through the compaction process. Low temperature prevents aggregate particles from shifting, and the required density is not attainable to achieve bitumen rate. Computer simulations of simplified model systems are capable of reproduce a few of asphalt's attribute properties. ), is a sticky, black, extremely viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It could also be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch.

Montan wax is extracted from decayed organic matter which isn't fully mineralized. caustic soda in telugu is obtained by way of both solvent extraction adopted by steam or acidic distillation. Montan is almost opaque and really hard, with a melting point of around 75°C/167°F.

The heat energy obtained by the combustion of the natural matter in oil shale can be used in the cement-making process. Other merchandise that may be produced from oil shale include specialty carbon fibers, adsorbent carbons, carbon black, bricks, development and decorative blocks, soil components, fertilizers, rock wool insulating material, and glass. Most of those uses are still small or in experimental levels, however the economic potential is giant.

Determining Grade Of Oil Shale

Hot-combine amenities may be categorized as either a batch facility or a drum-mix facility, each may be both stationary or transportable. Batch-type hot-mixing amenities use totally different size fractions of hot combination which are drawn in proportional quantities from storage bins to make up one batch for mixing. The combination of aggregates is dumped right into bitumen price per ton a mixing chamber known as a pugmill. The asphalt, which has additionally been weighed, is then thoroughly combined with the aggregate in the pugmill. After mixing, the fabric is then emptied from the pugmill into vehicles, storage silos, or surge bins. The drum-mixing course of heats and blends the mixture with asphalt all at the similar time in the drum mixer.

• Black pigments, which aren't readily present in natural clays, had been fabricated by charring organic matter, producing ash black.
• The intractability of these movies would not be an issue were it not for the increasingly chromaphoric character of those films which may become yellowed and fewer transparent with age.

This product is made by dissolving casein, a protein obtained from milk, in an aqueous alkaline solvent. In wooden bonding, casein glues typically are superior to true animal glues in moisture resistance and getting older characteristics. Casein is also used to enhance the adhering traits of paints and coatings. In addition, owing to various environmental laws, natural adhesives derived from renewable resources are receiving renewed consideration . interphase, the chemical and physical properties of the adhesive may be considerably different from those in the noncontact parts. It is generally believed that the interphase composition controls the sturdiness and energy of an adhesive joint and is primarily responsible for the transference of stress from one adherend to a different.
At the same time material expanded to embrace virtually each aspect of life . The time period animal glue normally is confined to glues ready from mammalian collagen, the principal protein constituent of pores and skin, bone, and muscle. When handled with acids, alkalies, or hot water, the normally insoluble collagen slowly turns into soluble. If the original bitumen price 2020 protein is pure and the conversion course of is mild, the excessive-molecular-weight product is called gelatin and could also be used for meals or photographic products. The lower-molecular-weight materials produced by more vigorous processing is generally much less pure and darker in colour and is called animal glue.
They are found deposited at bitumen impregnated rocks and bituminous sands that have only some bitumen in proportion. The supply of bitumen may be carried out in a spread methods based mostly on whether or not the demand is for laying or is to facilitate another performance. When the standard and the performance of the bituminous materials is worried, the mixture constituent quality can also be a major issue. Graded combination and bitumen are the compositions of bituminous material. There is sodium hydroxide flakes of air current in the same, which make the bituminous material a three-section materials. The asphalt in the surface course is totally different when compared with the asphalt that is used within the binder course or within the base.

This procedure additionally lays a stable basis for extra compensation, similar to inpainting. If the floor coating is clean and bodily sound but needs further optical saturation and enhancement, a wax coat may be applied. This may be outlined as a upkeep process, but in the holistic approach to preservation of artifacts, the road between the completely different activities may be blurred. As described earlier, a great number of the issues associated with coatings deterioration are mechanical.
In 1915, Sidney Ells of the Federal Mines Branch experimented with separation strategies and used the product to pave 600 feet of road in Edmonton, Alberta. Other roads in Alberta were paved with materials extracted from oil sands, but it was usually not financial. Eventually Fitzsimmons ran out of cash and the plant was taken over by the Alberta government. The huge Alberta bitumen sources are considered to have began out as dwelling material from marine plants and animals, primarily algae, that died tens of millions of years in the past when an historic ocean lined Alberta.

There are two precept protein coating for wood objects; casein and tempera. Casein is processed from the curd of soured milk, hence its widespread name "milk paint." Tempera is a medium of egg yolk and water. Both tempera and casein are initially water soluble supplies Bitumen UAE which turn into much less soluble once dry; in the case of milk paint, the coating becomes virtually intractable when dry.
As with transparent coatings, secure polychrome surfaces may be visually enhanced by the application of wax or resin coatings. In basic, as with transparent finishes, the goals of any treatment involving an ornamental painted surface decide the remedy options. The framework offered for treating transparent coatings pertains additionally to polychrome surfaces, though obviously not all the specifics are applicable. Polychromed surfaces current all the issues associated with clear finishes with the additional dilemma of a completely rigid component within the coating surface. Transparent varnishes are important to the interpretation of an object and as such ought to be retained whenever attainable. However, if a robust sufficient rationale can be presented, half or the entire coating materials may be manipulated or even eliminated and changed.

As one of the Best Hybrid Bikes for Men, there are some objects that come commonplace to this hybrid. Extra comfort included with this mannequin is the padding on the seat. This mannequin also comes with a built-in gear carrier over the back wheel.

• As we all know, as the oil worth adjustments, the value will change undeniably.

The largest Canadian oil sands deposit, the Athabasca oil sands is in the McMurray Formation, centered on town of Fort McMurray, Alberta. Bitumen RC70 for sale on the surface about 50 km north of Fort McMurray, where monumental oil sands mines have been established, but is 400 m deep southeast of Fort McMurray. Only three% of the oil sands space containing about 20% of the recoverable oil can be produced by surface mining, so the remaining 80% must be produced using in-situ wells. The different Canadian deposits are between 350 to 900 m deep and will require in-situ production.

Oil Sands

This line used to take offshore oil to refineries in southern Ontario. After reversal, it's going to take Alberta SCO and bitumen to Montreal. Since Suncor Energy owns a very giant Bitumen MC3000 for sale oil sands mine and upgrader in Alberta and in addition owns a big oil refinery in Montreal, it finds this project interesting.

Indiana also has oil and gasoline production, with gas from Devonian black shales being an essential financial asset for the whole northeastern US. Not only oil and gas, but additionally a big number of other assets are extracted from sediments and sedimentary rocks. Announced the exemption of newly drilled standard oil wells from production limits. Under the formulation that determines how area is allotted under a production restrict, every company’s baseline manufacturing stage is based on its highest degree throughout their finest single month from November 2017 to October 2018.

Industrial Normal Grade And N

Urea is impartial in pH and may adapt to nearly every kind of soils. It is a waste product formed naturally by metabolizing protein in humans as well as different mammals, amphibians and a few fish. Urea is widely used within the agricultural sector both as a fertilizer and animal feed additive. By Bitumen SC70 , the "common Brent breakeven price for tight oil was about US$forty six per barrel. The breakeven price of oil from Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries was US$42, as compared. In August 2011, the Alberta government initiated a provincial health examine to examine whether or not a hyperlink exists between the higher charges of cancer and the oil sands emissions.

Urea is considered a comparatively stable product to store and transport, and it is because of this that the transportation of urea is taken into account very cost efficient in comparison to its commonest different, ammonium nitrate. More than ninety Bitumen RC30 for sale% of world industrial production of urea is destined to be used as a nitrogen-launch fertilizer. Urea has the very best nitrogen content of all solid nitrogenous fertilizers in frequent use. Therefore, it has the bottom transportation costs per unit of nitrogen nutrient.
The above explanation of bitumen A and B are from the estimates obtained for 3 temperatures 25, 60 and one hundred thirty five diploma Celsius as proven in figure Bitumen supplier in UAE-1. Due to those variations, it was needed to repair a test temperature. A temperature at which the grading of bitumen could be carried out.
We have all our analyses certificates and accreditations for our products. "Canadian heavy oil collapses one other 28% to underneath $5 as oilsands face shut-ins
The upgraders have a mixed capability of 630,000 bbl/d (100,000 m3/d), which is simply half of its manufacturing of extra-heavy oil. In addition Venezuela produces insufficient volumes of naphtha to make use of as diluent to move additional-heavy oil to market. Unlike Canada, Venezuela does not produce a lot natural gas condensate from its own gasoline wells, and unlike Canada, it does not have easy access to condensate from new US shale gas production.
I earn a small fee should you buy any products utilizing my affiliate links to Amazon. Get evaluations on bikes and bike equipment by world-class consultants. There is a lot info on the internet today, however to make sure you know what you want, visit a motorbike shop, read review articles, and take note of what other prospects have stated.
A closed motorway, totally developed to meet the very best safety requirements, it had to overcome exceptional engineering problems. https://penzu.com/p/a34f6049 ranging from long-span bridges and tunnels in a seismogenous area right down to the application of a 25mm, close-graded surfacing had to be adopted. Innovative strategies more often than not necessitate progressive materials, which in the case of the thin surfacing, was EAF slag.

The use of bituminous materials had been initially restricted to road development. Now the applications have spread over the realm of roof construction, for industrial functions, carpet tiles, paints and as a special coating for waterproofing. The compositions of diluents, nevertheless, can strongly affect the weathering habits of diluted bitumen, mainly as a result of the evaporation of a extremely risky diluent will extra readily produce a heavy residue. Values listed in purple mark cases by which the focus in diluted bitumen exceeds that within the different crude oils indicated. Higher prices of asphalt cement, stone, and sand have compelled the business to increase efficiencies and recycle old asphalt pavements. In asphalt pavement recycling, supplies reclaimed from old pavements are reprocessed along with new materials.

An average instance in the United States is about 112 pounds per square yard, per inch of pavement thickness. In 1900 Manhattan alone had one hundred thirty,000 horses, pulling streetcars, wagons, and carriages, and leaving their waste behind. They were dubai bitumen company not fast, and pedestrians could dodge and scramble their means throughout the crowded streets.
Shipping bitumen by rail or tanker would result in 28% to 42% higher CO2 emissions and more leaks. Further observations of the swelling of bitumens and simulated bitumen wasteforms throughout γ-irradiation (No. AERE-R – 12292). "Joint Stock Companies (description of asphalte use by Claridge's company)".

Procedure For Solubility Check On Bitumen

To these one must add the entire new materials which have been developed in current instances. Preservation and restoration deals not only with furniture of the ancient past but additionally of the latest past. In addition to "antiques", museums and collectors are acquiring furnishings whose makers are nonetheless dwelling, so historic data should cowl all periods. The finisher who doesn't pursue this endeavor can progress no additional than his own restricted expertise. https://spongewax26.bloggersdelight.dk/2021/02/28/...en-told-about-cutback-bitumen/ does not embody a examine of the elemental nature of finishes, a lot less the areas of optics, shade theory or analytical methodology.
A membrane laid above the concrete could also be both polyethylene sheet as described above or three coats of cold utilized bitumen answer or comparable moisture and water vapour resisting materials. It ought to be protected by both a screed or a floor finish, except the membrane is pitchmastic or related materials which may even serve as a ground finish. Bitumen RC250 supplier take a gel character, when it has the next amount of saturated oil of molecular weight much less. It is tough to use the fabric immediately on the roads because it consists of fifty five% of bitumen, mineral matter of 35% and 10% of natural matter.

Options for treating clear coatings depend upon the sort and extent of harm, the coating materials in question, and the desired consequence on the conclusion of the treatment. Certainly, https://www.blackplanet.com/recordhome2/message/23303780 is made right here to explain each possible sort of damage and deterioration manifest in coatings. Instead, the guidelines offered are an attempt to supply some course within that broad framework to help focus issues of the damage and in addition the appropriate therapy choices out there to compensate for it. On the entire, best practices for furniture care and preservation should involve formulating and implementing a multi faceted method for stabilizing and preserving furniture. This approach is way broader than restoration, or the physical repair of current damage.

Artificial Crude Oil

Its viscosity is similar to that of cold molasses while the fabric obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil boiling at 525 °C (977 °F) is typically referred to as "refined bitumen". The Canadian province of Alberta has many of the world's reserves of natural asphalt in the Athabasca oil sands, which cowl 142,000 square kilometres , an area larger than England. In materials sciences and engineering, the phrases "asphalt" and "bitumen" are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured types of the substance, although there's regional variation as to which time period is most typical. Worldwide, geologists are inclined to favor the term "bitumen" for the naturally occurring materials.

• It ought to be protected by either a screed or a flooring finish, except the membrane is pitchmastic or comparable material which may even function a floor finish.
• Tasmanite, named from oil-shale deposits in Tasmania, is a brown to black oil shale.

Alternative sources of uncooked material are being researched, such because the production of artificial asphalt from the liquefaction of sewage sludge. To guarantee constant product high quality, new methods are being developed for manufacturing modified asphalts and emulsions. Many new tests are being developed to assist characterize asphalts, similar to high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HP-GPC), which allows many properties to be studied and the results compiled in only a few minutes. New processes, more Bitumen sellers in Dubai efficient mixing and milling models, in-line liquid mass move meters, on-line monitoring techniques, and new safety equipment are some other areas being investigated for enchancment. Environmental protection laws have developed stringent codes limiting water flows and particulate and smoke emissions from oil refineries and asphalt processing plants. bitumen 60/70 malaysia but sulfur dioxides, smoke, and lots of different emissions have to be rigorously managed.
Importantly, as discussed in Chapter 3, because the density of a weathering oil approaches that of water, contact with even small amounts of sand, clay, or other suspended sediment can trigger submergence. For this reason, the density of the oil residue itself (i.e., not together with any related natural particulate matter) does not have to exceed that of water for the residue to sink from the floor. Crude oils contain fragrant hydrocarbons possessing a number of fragrant rings. Those with multiple ring are commonly known as polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons .
Increasing economic and environmental wants will deliver many new technical frefinements to recycling old asphalt pavements, similar to using microwaves to fully break down the pavement. Microwaves warmth the crushed rock in asphalt pavement faster than the surrounding cement, which is then warmed by the radiant warmth from the rock. 7 When the mixing is full, the new-combine is then transported to the paving site and unfold in a partially compacted layer to a uniform, even floor bitumen sheet malaysia with a paving machine. While nonetheless hot, the paving combination is further compacted by heavy rolling machines to produce a smooth pavement floor. And in the Bible, Noah sealed his arc with bitumen to make the vessel extra hydrodynamic. Monty threw that carburetor across the driveway and down the street, crashing into the bitumen and fully unbuckling in front of the townhouse where my aunt, only a few years in the past, used to reside.
Oil wells supply the crude petroleum to the oil refineries, the place it's separated into its varied components or fractions. is a water repellent solid at room temperature however is readily melted (typically too easily in hot climate!). Used as base for a road chipping top surface or generally directly as the top layer in roads. Bitumen consists of the most important Bitumen VG 40 price molecules in crude oil with the best intermolecular forces between them, so they are solid at room temperature and very high boiling up to 700oC. Additives for coatings embody solvents which allow the movie forming materials to become liquid, and different supplies corresponding to plasticizers and flatting agents.

We use cookies to collect and analyse info on our site's performance and to allow the site to function. Cookies additionally enable us and our partners to show you related ads if you go to our web site and other 3rd party websites, including social networks. You can select to permit all cookies by clicking ‘Allow all’ or manage them individually by clicking ‘Manage cookie preferences,’ the place additionally, you will discover extra information. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association brings together Canada’s transmission pipeline operators to share knowledge and repeatedly improve our industry’s efficiency.

By far most refined bitumen is utilized in paving asphalt and roofing tiles, as is a considerable amount of natural bitumen. However, a lot of the bitumen extracted from Canada’s oil sands is upgraded into synthetic crude oil and sent to refineries for conversion right into a full vary of petroleum products, including gasoline. bp performance graded asphalt binders are vacuum distilled from petroleum crude oils for use in road paving applications. We supply a comprehensive vary of asphalt merchandise to meet PG specifications. In all cases these fluids serve as "binders" which cement the loose combination rock into a pseudo-solid mass that can be applied to road surfaces. The liquid bitumen and asphalt must be handled quickly, being transferred into insulated tanker truckers for quick delivery to batch heater, semi-continuous or continuous drum combine plants.
A drop of water hitting a steel floor/ crown formation as a result of splashing of droplet. The traditional shape related to a drop comes from the observation of a droplet clinging to a floor. The shape of a drop falling through a gasoline is definitely more or less spherical for drops lower than 2 mm in diameter. Larger drops are typically flatter on the underside part because of the strain of the fuel they move by way of. As a result, as drops get larger, a concave depression types which ends up in the eventual breakup of the drop.
Droplets of bitumen separate from the grains of sand and fasten themselves to tiny air bubbles which assist the bitumen float upwards. The mixture — referred to as slurry — is sent to separation vessels the place the bitumen-wealthy froth is skimmed from the top. This froth generally incorporates about sixty Bitumen 60/70 specification five per cent oil, 25 per cent water and 10 per cent solids. Instead, bitumen sheet malaysia should steam or mine a sticky, tar-like substance called bitumen out of the bottom. When liquids products are being transported, they usually must be briefly saved earlier than safely reaching their vacation spot.
It is appropriate for bonding bituminous constructing roofs with each other, and for their attachment to some other floor. Bitumen primer penetrates deeply, dries rapidly and provides a secure fixation of waterproofing materials. Bitumen, also known as asphalt within the United States, is a substance produced by way of the distillation of crude oil that's known for its waterproofing and adhesive properties. Bitumen manufacturing by way of distillation removes lighter crude oil components, similar to gasoline and diesel, leaving the “heavier” bitumen behind. The producer usually refines it a number of times to enhance its grade.

Asphalt Illustrations

Liquid roofing entails the appliance of a monolithic, absolutely bonded, liquid based mostly coating to a roof. The coating cures to type a rubber-like elastomeric waterproof membrane, able to stretching and returning to its authentic shape without harm. Such coating techniques are normally strengthened with secondary supplies similar to glass-bolstered plastic to supply extra tensile strength.
For example, larger demand for asphalt for roads throughout an economic boom may end up in increased prices. Because it has invested closely in scaling its road infrastructure, China, too, has played an necessary role in determining demand and setting prices for bitumen in latest instances. Bituminous sands are extraordinarily plentiful in Canada, especially within the province of Alberta, where rising oil prices have made it economical to extract petroleum from these sands on a large scale. The Canadian Energy Research Institute estimates that the value of crude oil should hit $70.08 per barrel for a stand-alone bitumen mine to be profitable.

• liquid asphalt bitumen have the power to resist de-icing materials which hold the roads in nice situation.
• When correctly put in with UltraFlash Fabric, UltraFlash One-Part Liquid Flashing varieties an impermeable, monolithic and seamless membrane.

The facility will feature a remedy plant of about 5000 m2, which might be divided into an operation space, oily cuttings storage area, handled cuttings storage area, and office and residing space. “The plant is based on a thermal desorption separator which makes use Bitumen RC70 supplier of friction to warmth wastes so that oil residue are evaporated,” the corporate explained in paperwork submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency. But along with being a fossil gas, bitumen is difficult to extract and vitality-intensive to course of.

Pasargad bitumen , bitumen is a mixture of about chemical parts, with an average of round . Elementally, it's around 95% carbon and hydrogen (± 87% carbon and ± 8% hydrogen), and up to 5% sulfur, 1% nitrogen, 1% oxygen and 2000ppm metals. Bitumens are composed primarily of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. They also contain a number of elements, a number of that are toxic. Wood tar contains creosote and as such has sturdy preservative properties. Alternatively, if you have any questions you possibly can contact our staff today or request a free on-web site quote.

Bitumen may also be confused with tar, which is one other binding agent that when mixed with mixture, makes tarmac. After drying of the primary layer it's higher to place yet one more to extend the quality Bitumen exporter to Africa of insulation. Scientists traditionally thought that the variation in the dimension of raindrops was as a result of collisions on the way in which all the way down to the ground.
Pitch in a funnel slowly types droplets, every droplet taking about 10 years to form and break off. A easy way to kind a drop is to permit liquid to move slowly from the decrease finish of a vertical tube of small diameter. http://greasewax59.jigsy.com/entries/general/10-Mo...-How-We-Begin-To-See-The-World of the liquid causes the liquid to hold from the tube, forming a pendant. When the drop exceeds a certain dimension it's now not stable and detaches itself. The falling liquid can also be a drop held together by floor rigidity. A drop or droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded fully or virtually completely by free surfaces.
It is used for coating of wood poles and sleepers, iron poles. Bitumen is just utilized by industrial suppliers as a binder or sealant for other merchandise. While bitumen is usually used in a combination, it may also be used as a binder for roads. This refers to a layer or layers of bitumen that is used within the road to adhere or seal other layers. For the application of hot bitumen mastic the latter ought to be heated to 274F, so that it is straightforward to apply and penetrates well into all of the cracks and irregularities.
Iran Bitumen LC payment is produced as a byproduct in the course of the distillation process for heavy crude; as such, refiner selections to process heavy versus gentle crude performs is critical for bitumen prices. Ancient civilizations traded the material bitumen prices today and Herodotus, a fifth-century BC Greek historian, claimed that the walls of historic Babylon contained bitumen. Bitumen prices are determined by the state of the worldwide financial system and provide and demand for crude oil.
While EPDM is an reasonably priced materials, modified bitumen is even cheaper. It is because of this lower cost that constructing homeowners use it over other flat roof systems. Another cause EPDM exceeds modified bitumen roof life expectancy is the provision of coatings. Yes, you might use a roof coating system for an existing EPDM roof.

into Bitumen RC70 supplier within the terminal's loading yard, thick with the smell of petroleum. any of assorted natural substances, as asphalt, maltha, or gilsonite, consisting primarily of hydrocarbons. Bitumen can happen in solid form or as a darkish viscous liquid whereas tar is chemically distinct and happens primarily as a viscous liquid.

Otherwise, the bitumen loses its properties essential for the intended purpose, rendering it useless. It is so thick and sticky that working with it is not only difficult however not very productive either. For optimum performance, bitumen needs to be heated with a excessive degree of precision and care to be able to ship productive outcomes.

Photography And Artwork

In-situ mining – if tar sands are too deep to dig up, the bitumen can be extracted by injecting hot steam or solvents to loosen up the bitumen and permit it to move through a properly to the surface. Bitumen exporter to Africa can supply the complete range of standard road pen bitumens as well as modified binders and bitumen based mostly emulsion’s and primes at present used in the road building trade. With our flexible manufacturing facility and in home laboratory, the option can also be supplied to provide buyer specific binders and emulsions to their specification. Naturally-occurring bitumen, generally also known as natural asphalt, rock asphalt, lake asphalt or oil sand, has been used as an adhesive, sealant and waterproofing agent for over 8,000 years. But bitumen rate occurs solely in small quantities and its properties are quite completely different from refined bitumen. Slurry shall encompass combination of accredited bitumen-emulsion, nice mineral aggregate, filler, water and specified components, proportioned, blended and uniformly unfold over properly prepared surface.

Polymer-modified asphalt crack sealers are gaining in recognition, and lots of different asphalt modifiers are being developed. Modifiers are added to regulate pavement rutting, cracking, asphalt oxidation, and water injury. Some commercially out there asphalt modifiers are polymers, together with elastomers, steel complexes, elemental sulfur, fibers, hydrated lime, Portland cement, silicones, various fillers, and organic anti-strip agents. Many of these modifiers haven't been extensively used and are being researched for further development. It would possibly even be attainable in the future to have "smart asphalt cements" by mixing in sure asphalt friction modifiers which might allow it to alter characteristics depending on whether moisture was present. In conjunction with antilock brakes, automatic traction controls, and airbags, this could serve to avoid wasting many lives on our nation's highways.

Tar And Chip Driveway Vs Asphalt Paving Driveway

Extracts from bitumen had been used to deal with catarrh and some forms of bronchial asthma and as a remedy in opposition to worms, particularly the tapeworm. The first British patent for the usage of asphalt was "Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen" in 1834. Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a good friend bitum of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement ". Among the earlier makes use of of bitumen within the United Kingdom was for etching. William Salmon's Polygraphice offers a recipe for varnish used in etching, consisting of three ounces of virgin wax, two ounces of mastic, and one ounce of asphaltum.
At the top of day bitumen flow has to be off and whole spray line and hand spray nozzle can be cleaned by using air strain and diesel. Return line is provided to switch the extra bitumen into the tank. Single excessive strain oil burner for sufficient heating of viscose binder with oil consumption of seven-8 Liters/ hrs.
Bitumen exporter to Mombasa use both an natural or fiberglass base that's saturated with asphalt, coated on the underside side with asphalt, and the uncovered surface impregnated with small chips of slate, schist, quartz, or ceramic granules. Today, most tar-and-chip paving doesn't use real tar but is as an alternative comprised of liquid asphalt . Both discuss with a sticky liquid or semi-liquid form of petroleum.
TOK®-Plast is a cold-processed, steady material produced from polymer-improved bitumen, making it perfect as a permanent seam treatment. Using the PLASTOMAT®, developed particularly for this product, TOK®-Plast is simple and quick to use. Seams are contact surfaces that are created when asphalt combine is laid in lanes, alongside or close to to breaks in the application of the asphalt . Joints are spaces between two asphalt or concrete layers, or between their layers or parts, corresponding to kerbs, manhole covers and so on. These joints are either intentional or necessary for the working scenario in question. I tried to take away the bitumen utilizing varied products that I had in my storage similar to bleach, patio cleaner, white spirit etc but nothing worked.

• Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a good friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement ".

Fluid applied monolithic membrane means there are no seams and water can't travel beneath it. It’s a water-based system, so that you don’t have to fret about fumes disrupting your tenants. Our aim is to design and create top quality bitumen driveways that suit your needs. Have nice deal of expertise planning rural properties with and with out livestock on and are pleased to create concepts Bitumen UAE to go well with. We are specialists in all areas of supply and laying pink and black asphalt, twin coat stone chip seals. From a commercial automobile park to a personal driveway to a pot hole or a big patch, we worth our clients and will communicate with the client to ensure they're happy with the work carried out.
Further observations of the swelling of bitumens and simulated bitumen wasteforms throughout γ-irradiation (No. AERE-R – 12292). Use of a skinny-movie bitumen suppliers in sharjah evaporator for bitumen coating of radioactive concentrates (No. CEA-R – 3742). The conditioning of radioactive waste by bitumen (No. CEA-R – 1992).
The nice particles don't consolidate to their authentic density, so each cubic metre of oil sand mined creates slightly more material (1.4 m3) for disposal. Additionally, it's used as taste in candy and foods in addition to a scent for various functions including saunas due to its pleasant smell. Coal tar however is taken into account a hazardous materials due to its affiliation with cancer-causing agents Bitumen RC3000 for sale similar to benzene and is primarily used in road construction. "Tar" and "pitch" can be used interchangeably; asphalt can also be known as both "mineral tar" or "mineral pitch". There is a bent to use "tar" for extra liquid substances and "pitch" for more solid substances. Both "tar" and "pitch" are utilized to viscous types of asphalt, such because the asphalt present in naturally occurring tar pits (e.g., the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles) .

bitumen suppliers in sharjah soften the asphalt binder, permitting heavy tire masses to deform the pavement into ruts. Paradoxically, high warmth and robust daylight also trigger the asphalt to oxidize, turning into stiffer and fewer resilient, resulting in crack formation. Cold asphalt is also less resilient and extra weak to cracking. Environmental factors include heat and cold, the presence of water within the subbase or subgrade soil underlying the pavement, and frost heaves. Native Californians traded asphaltum in liquid kind and hand-formed pads wrapped in grass and rabbit pores and skin to keep it from sticking collectively.

The base thickness, base stability, and the compaction are crucial steps. If the sub base isn't excellent, the asphalt floor will not be up to standard both. In order to repair a road, the pavement should be faraway from the present surface, regardless of whether it is asphalt, concrete, or pavers. Demotion is the act of completely eradicating the pavement through the use of heavy machinery, like forklifts, front loaders, massive dump trucks, and bobcats. ​Asphalt paving is far easier and faster than concrete paving, but it still requires a number of steps, a crew to execute the work, and time to finish the job.
Surface asphalt is comprise of small mixture, like smaller rocks or crushed stone, which is blended with sand and oil. The unit weight of asphalt must be figured to make sure the correct quantity is laid. When the supportive structure are installed, the top layer of the brand new asphalt is rigorously put down to give a clear and smooth experience to the traffic. This formulation makes a dark black mixture that's smooth and appealing to have a look at. When the sub base is deemed sturdy enough and is laid properly, any areas which are soft are recognized and repaired, the time has come to add the binder layer.
Turning across site visitors (i.e., turning left in right-hand drive nations, turning proper in left-hand drive countries) poses a number of risks. Another main threat is involvement in a rear-finish collision whereas ready for a gap in oncoming traffic. Road hazards and intersections in some areas are actually normally marked a number of instances, roughly 5, twenty, and sixty seconds in advance in order that drivers are less more likely to attempt violent manoeuvres. In addition to management methods, which apply predominantly to networks in built-up areas, another class of interventions pertains to the design of roadway networks for brand new districts.

Asphalt Providers

Either of these issues can increase wet-weather crashes by rising braking distances or contributing to loss of control. If the pavement is insufficiently sloped or poorly drained, standing water on the surface also can lead to moist-climate crashes due to hydroplaning. This makes it attainable to scale back the thickness of the base layer as much as 25% in relation to standard bitumen, whereas offering as very high fatigue strengths. High-modulus asphalt layers are used each in reinforcement operations and within the construction of recent reinforcements for medium and heavy traffic. Design and construction flaws, similar to inadequate drainage for rainfall, or a weak base beneath the road, also can trigger the surface to fail. This publication identifies asphalt seal coat treatments commonly used today.
It was the object of the first known battle for a hydrocarbon deposit – between the Seleucids and the Nabateans in 312 BC. The Persian word for asphalt is moom, which is said to the English word mummy. The Egyptians' major source of bitumen was the Dead Sea, which the Romans knew as Palus Asphaltites . In the ancient Middle East, the Sumerians used natural bitumen deposits for mortar between bricks and stones, to cement components Bitumen exporter to Africa of carvings, similar to eyes, into place, for ship caulking, and for waterproofing. https://bitumenproducers97nd.webs.com/apps/blog/sh...ing-the-most-useful-bitumen-is said hot bitumen was used as mortar in the walls of Babylon. ), is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum.
The name comes from the aggregate size used while mixing the raw supplies to provide the asphaltic composition. It can be subdivided as nice-graded or coarse-graded, depending on the majority of the aggregates in the last product. Plastic roads are roads made both entirely of plastic or of composites of plastic with different supplies. Plastic roads are totally different from normal roads within the respect that normal roads are created from asphalt concrete, which consists of mineral aggregates and asphalt. Currently, there are not any information of normal roads made purely of plastic.

Bitumen road building consists of various steps corresponding to preparation of base course, application of bituminous coat, placement of bituminous mix, rolling and check for high quality etc. that are discussed. However, in three locations the pavements have been laid in a steady method onto the bitumen road. The height of the pavement is very high and is causing inconvenience to motorists. Every vehicle has to cease, climb over the pavement and then proceed.
However, in 2011, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Traffic Safety Facts found that over 800 individuals have been killed across the US by "non-mounted objects" that includes roadway particles. California had the highest number of complete deaths from those crashes; New Mexico had a best probability for an individual to die from experiencing any automobile-debris crash. While government has primary accountability for offering secure roads, the challenges of growth and fairness require that each one segments of society engage and contribute, including the personal sector. Safer roads additionally benefit enterprise by improving employee health and safety, by defending belongings, reducing productivity losses and healthcare prices, and enhancing the effectivity and effectiveness of supply chains.

That’s as a result of the university recently permitted a road made with recycled plastic waste, the first time a road of this style has been paved in the United States, in accordance with the college's paper UCSD Guardian. All objects, texture maps and supplies are properly named for easy use. We can ship the asphalt plant in UAE, and when you still have some other questions, you'll be Jey embossed bitumen able to go away us message, we will provide you with skilled recommendation! Our manufacturing unit and workshop is in China, but we have six international after-sales service centers in Pakistan, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Russia, Indonesia and Bangladesh, and so on, you can visit us at your free time. Detailed specifications on asphalt resurfacing can be found for obtain in our Technical Specs library.
However, some fraction of the fantastic solids are oil-wet, that means they have a tendancy to stick with the bitumen and can by no means settle-out in Extraction, regardless of how long the residence time. Without the use of chemical aids or hydrocarbon solvents, it is virtually inconceivable to remove all fines from the bitumen froth in a water-based mostly gravity separation course of. The amount of clays contained in an oil sands deposit is proportional to the quantity of fines. Therefore, all high-fines ores have a excessive clay content material and have a tendency to have a decrease bitumen content. These lower grade ores are often termed “poorly processing” since they disrupt the gravity separation process in Extraction.
In addition, single sample cores have been picked from every study website to calibrate the GPR results. The estimated average asphalt layer thickness range of the most important arterial pavements was mm ± 19 mm as compared to the designed thickness of a hundred and fifty mm, with an accuracy of inside 4 – 8% when in comparison with sample cores from the roads. The common base layer thickness estimated was mm ±21 mm for the designed value of 200 mm, with 5 – 7% accuracy from core measurement comparability. Although the estimated layer thicknesses of the newly constructed had been within the acceptable vary, it was found that the layer thicknesses measured had been beneath the layer thicknesses as specified in the building details.

• The emulsions are classified by the letters, indicating the relative rate of curing.

Reported outcomes point out that the 'shared house' approach leads to significantly lowered visitors speeds, the virtual elimination of road casualties, and a discount in congestion. Lane markers in some nations Bitumen RC3000 for sale and states are marked with cat's eyes, Botts' dots or reflective raised pavement markers that don't fade like paint. For deliberate neighbourhoods, studies recommend new community configurations, such because the Fused Grid or 3-Way Offset.
Lighter-coloured roads take in less warmth from photo voltaic radiation, lowering their contribution to the city warmth island impact. Parking tons that use asphalt alternatives are known as green parking tons. One of the main problem is the swelling of asphalt exposed to radiation and to water.

This take a look at locations most limits on inorganic supplies or carbon residues in the asphalt. These supplies, if current, add no binding quality to the asphalt and are thought-about contaminants. The bituminous binders used for seal coats and surface therapies should conform to TxDOT Standard Specification Item 300, Asphalts, Oils, and Emulsions. Table 3-1 from Item 300 reveals typical uses for different types of bituminous binders. After rolling and curing, the binder ought to maintain the mixture tightly to the roadway floor to prevent dislodging by traffic. The fast-setting grades are designed to react quickly primarily for spray applications, corresponding to bond/tack coats, combination chips seals, sand seals, and similar floor treatments.
Plate glass is manufactured with ground and polished surfaces and must be free of imperfections. The H-hinge is just like the butt hinge but is usually surface mounted. Lost-head nails have a smaller head which may be set under the surface of the wood. Bitumen SC250 suppliers holding power is decrease as a result of the head can extra simply be pulled by way of the wooden. Several ferrous metals are useful in farm building construction. Cast iron is used for making sanitary waste pipe and fittings.

• The time period "natural supply" signifies that the esters are obtained by processing of natural oils or other natural substances.

These polymers differ the power and the viscoelastic properties of the bitumen. There are two general ways to earn bitumen from oil. Of the wide range of crude oils commercially obtainable Bitumen RC70 supplier, only a limited quantity are thought of appropriate for producing bitumen of the required high quality in business quantities.
This is found to be sensitive when the amount exceeds 60%. The this type of bitumen varieties a two-part system with two immiscible liquids. One of them is dispersed as fine globules throughout the other liquid. When discrete globules of bitumen are dispersed in a steady type of water, bitumen emulsion is fashioned. The table-2, exhibits the cutback specifications primarily based on BS 3690.

Bitumen Price Panipat And Chenia Refinery

The provider company is located in Kolkata, West Bengal and is likely one of the main sellers of listed products. Get the newest information about bitumen trade in your mailbox. Hubbard-Carmick Bottles For determining the density or relative density of bitumen.

McAsphalt’s experience in cutback manufacturing and modification, and our state-of-the-art services, enable us to customized mix cutback merchandise for road and related industries. This equipment is used for the examination of cut-back asphaltic supplies by the distillation test. Current frequent makes use of are in penetrating prime coats and in producing patching or stockpile mixtures. Cutback asphalt utilized bitum in mixing with aggregate will normally contain an adhesion agent to help within the coating of the aggregate surface. Modified and artificial rubbers are increasingly getting used for building merchandise. For instance in contrast to natural rubbers they often have good resistance to grease and solvents.

In comparison to the modernized grades of bitumen, generally known as Superpave Performance, Viscosity grade bitumen is much less accurate. In the second section, we calculate the viscosity of bitumen at 60° C , after which the viscosity ratio to density is calculated at a hundred thirty five° C . This kind of classification is predicated on the understanding of bitumen behavior and its practical properties, with completely different characteristics of cracking and deformation because of cold, warmth, and fatigue. To accomplish that, specialists in the lab measure the consistency of bitumen in two phases.
Plastics are considered to be primarily natural materials derived from petroleum and, to a small extent coal, which throughout processing are plastic when heated. Air and moisture speed up corrosion in ferrous supplies except they're protected. Acids are inclined to corrode copper whereas alkalies similar to found in animal waste, Portland cement and lime, in addition to some soils, will cause speedy corrosion of aluminium and zinc. Electrolytic action brought on by slight voltages set up when dissimilar metals are in touch with each other within the presence of water also encourages corrosion in some metals.

Where reference is made to a variety of carbon atoms, e.g. C12, of a fatty acid ester the quantity corresponds to the variety of carbons comprised in the fatty acid of the ester. In a second embodiment of the first aspect the invention offers a bitumen cutback agent together with esterified or transesterified palm kernel oil fatty acids or palm kernel oil fatty acid derivatives. Preferably, the lower Bitumen MC250 supplier alkyl esters of shorter chain size fatty acids are derived from non-mineral sources. More ideally, the lower alkyl esters of shorter chain size fatty acids are derived from non-mineral plant sources. Most ideally, the decrease alkyl esters of shorter chain size fatty acids are derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
The country is planning to achieve its goal of 5 trillion worth financial system, the place infrastructure and road building will play an inseparable part in coming decade. Similarly, different growing economies of the region are also projecting their progress in similar method, thereby increasing demand within the close to future. Asia Pacific is the dominating area in the Bitumen RC3000 price international bitumen market with over forty five% trade share in 2018. Massive regional is mainly due to rising construction sector in nations such as India, China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Additionally, as per IMF, China, Australia, Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam are expected to be a greater performing financial system within the near future.
China is also a outstanding producer and end user of bitumen, making its manufacturing more cost efficient. Global annual vehicular gross sales reached 96.8 million items in 2017 and is predicted to succeed in one hundred twenty five.5 million items by the top of the forecast spell, thus creating a need for broader and good quality road. In this fashion the demand of paving product for roadway application will Bitumen SC800 price be robust and observe a continuous rise in the coming period. The closure of the development company may mean massive cutbacks among its suppliers. For us, honesty is the one coverage and we strive to finish all initiatives with integrity, not simply with our clients, but in addition with intermediaries which play a key role within the number of orders we obtain.

For rail, this is only a commercial consideration not a transportation consideration. The business consideration on rail versus the price of remedy has tended to set the maximum water content material on rail at 2%. The term “diluent penalty” refers to the entire prices related to utilizing a diluent to move Bitumen supplier in Tanzania bitumen or heavy oil in a pipeline. These diluent costs are frequently missed and are not well understood. One of the only largest misunderstandings in comparing pipeline to rail costs is exactly what is being transported and why.
Without any earlier experience in building or asphalt paving, the pair began their sealcoat business in 1979. They began Lexington Blacktop with a 550-gallon sprayer and a pickup truck. From there, the company developed right into a rudimentary residential and business asphalt paving company. With mistakes along the best way, the duo bought their first paver in 1982 after they lastly had sufficient cash to take action. PEP penetrates, bonds and stabilizes the sub-base layer of asphalt pavements, waterproofing it earlier than introducing the new combine asphalt. PEP is a great alternative for the MC-30, a cutback classified as an unstable mixture, which may be hazardous to the environment.
It would not matter what you want to paint onto your asphalt, you can apply either water or oil-primarily based paint to make it look lots better. You'll want to scrupulously clear your asphalt beforehand, using a tough-bristled brush and a power washer. You can then apply the paint with a paintbrush, roller, or striping machine.

The width of the crack opening will vary due to the enlargement and contraction of the pavement, degree of pavement oxidation, site visitors quantity, frost heave, and so forth. Microsurfacing has been used to fill ruts that are low to medium in severity. https://www.instapaper.com/p/8137076 for eliminating wheel ruts is an asphalt combine overlay. If ruts are severe and the visitors quantity is high, removing and substitute of the pavement will be the solely successful lengthy-time period solution. Pavement dressings are not cost efficient on roadways in comparison with different floor remedies.
ASPHALT EXPANSION JOINT should be recessed 1/4″ (6.35 mm) below the concrete floor. However, if additional joint sealants are desired, isolate the filler from sealant with SNAP-CAP® from W. R. MEADOWS. SNAP-CAP ought to be installed flush with the surface. Infinity Galaxy is an international registered brand that has started its exercise in 2012 underneath the name of “Galaxy Energy” after Bitumen RC30 which switched to “Infinity Galaxy” in 09/09/2016. We are a leading Dubai-primarily based company and a globally famend business entity dealing with Petroleum merchandise. Our major mission is exporting Bitumen , Paraffin Wax,Base Oil, RPO, Residue Wax, Petroleum Jelly, White Spirit , Urea, and so forth to Middle East Countries, Southeast Asia, Africa Continent, and CIS nations.

How To Replace A Damaged Asphalt Shingle

GGPL also operates 23 CNG stations in East Godavari and West Godavari districts. GITL has been authorised to put 1,881 lengthy Km pipeline from Mallavaram to Bhilwara. During the yr, the Company has transported about 2.17 MMSCM of fuel and has recorded whole income of Rs 15.23 Crore. GIGL has been authorised to lay bitumen 60 70 two cross country fuel pipelines viz. 1,834 Km lengthy Mehsana to Bathinda Pipeline and 740 Km lengthy Bathinda to Srinagar Pipeline . Barmer-Pali Pipeline, Palanpur-Pali Pipeline and Jalandhar-Amritsar Pipeline are in operation from onwards.

However, detailed studies have proven these materials to be distinct. The vast Alberta bitumen resources are thought-about to have started out as residing material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an ancient ocean coated Alberta. They have been lined by mud, buried deeply over time, and gently cooked into oil by geothermal heat at a temperature of fifty to one hundred fifty °C (one hundred twenty to 300 °F). The majority of asphalt used commercially is obtained from petroleum. Nonetheless, giant amounts of asphalt occur in concentrated kind in nature. Naturally occurring deposits of bitumen are shaped from the stays of historic, microscopic algae and other once-dwelling things.
Depending on how you align these tabs, you can create quite a lot of patterns of shadow and lightweight on the roof. Choosing from the wide assortment of obtainable colours, textures, patterns, and weights could be daunting. Most owners prefer premium-weight shingles, which can weigh 430 kilos per sq. (a ten-by-10-foot roof area), compared with commonplace shingles at about 230 kilos per square. Because premium-weight shingles are extra three-dimensional, they do a greater job of mimicking the texture of real wooden shingles. ASPHALT EXPANSION JOINT is the “unique” growth joint filler.
The slurry-seal remedy is, subsequently, more �floor friendly� than a chip-seal remedy in areas similar to campgrounds. The roadway can be opened to low-pace site visitors simply after the applying of the mixture. Also obtainable are fast-setting, low temperature polymer-modified emulsions designed to �chemically� break at temperatures as low Bitumen RC250 supplier as 40 �F and rising. This type of emulsion would be helpful for roads located at excessive elevations or different areas where the temperatures are lower. The emulsion can be used where roads are constantly shaded. The scrub seal method can fill cracks as much as 0.5 inches broad that may have usually been crammed by crack sealing.

Anderson Bitumen Flat Roofing Products Range

We know that certainly one of your major issues when shopping for bitumen 60/70 is an on-time delivery. To assure that the bitumen containers arrive timely at your destination, we rely on our close relationship with respected refineries and delivery firms. We need everything to go according to your plan, without any delay. Thus, we help you spend much less time getting ready commerce paperwork, delivering all your required paperwork in advance.

• As such, it’s a super sealant that can be sued by each homeowners and contractors.
• It’s a flexible filler that works on depressions, wide cracks, low spots, in addition to shallow repairs.

The cost to purchase diluent in Edmonton ought to no less than be the price of diluent in the USGC plus the price of transport on the pipelines to get the diluent to Edmonton. The cost to ship the diluent from the diluent hub back into the field to the producer both by pipeline or truck. The cost to ship the diluent back from the destination back to the diluent hub corresponding to Edmonton either by pipelines or rail.
You can use a tissue once more to check if the first coat has correctly dried earlier than you apply the second. When making use of the second coat, you have to be as cautious as attainable to match the first coat. If painting on a playground, make sure you do not color over the outline or shapes you made together with your first coat. Give the first coat 5 to 6 hours to dry after you have applied the first coat. Simply add the paint to the striping machine, pull the handle, and push it over the meant space.

First, a southern leg would connect Cushing, Oklahoma, the place there's a present bottleneck of oil, with the Gulf Coast of Texas, where oil refineries abound. Second, the pipeline would include a new section from Alberta to Kansas. https://www.lonestarpavingtx.com/why-is-bitumen-used-in-road-construction/ would pass via Bakken Shale area of japanese Montana and western North Dakota. Here, it's going to pass via a area the place oil extraction is at present booming and tackle some of this crude for transport. The pandemic has launched or exacerbated challenges for most companies, including these in the roofing business. Many contractors have felt strain to give you new ways to track roof leads, meet with clients, and promote their providers.

• Approvals from numerous regulatory agencies are required at every part, from building and operations to shut-down and reclamation.
• On January 31, 2014, the State Department released a Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Keystone XL pipeline.

If they are not included, this could further increase the temperature of the constructing or damage the roof. Unfortunately, not all forms of bitumen roofs embody granules as part Bitumen 60/70 price in Dubai of the installation process. Like all roof sorts, a bitumen roof does have some drawbacks. The first is their black shade, which may take up somewhat than reflect heat.
Several Roman writers corresponding to Diodorus Siculus and Pliny mention bitumen as being bought to Egyptians for embalming processes. Until superior chemical analysis was obtainable, black balms used throughout the Egyptian dynasties have been assumed to have been treated with bitumen, combined with fat/oil, beeswax, and resin. Schwartz and colleagues counsel that the onset of bitumen as a trade Bitumen price FOB Bandar Abbas good began first as a result of it was used as waterproofing on the reed boats that have been used to ferry folks and items throughout the Euphrates. By the Ubaid period of the early 4th millennium BC, bitumen from northern Mesopotamian sources reached the Persian Gulf. The chemical composition and consistency of these deposits vary considerably.

Scientific Definitions For Bitumen

The performance of the stone matrix asphalt mix pavement as studied by the US, based mostly on the rutting effect seen in the road pavement. The figure-5 under shows the rut depth triggered for various ranges of the project carried out. Compared to the standard dense graded asphalt mix, the evening visibility is lowered. The stone matrix asphalt combine is hard, highly stable in construction and rut resistant asphalt mix. These methods rely on the stone to stone contact that will facilitate in power. The rich mortar used in the system will provide better sturdiness.
is a wonderful substitute for asphalt, and isn't liable to crack or squeeze out. any of varied natural substances, as asphalt, maltha, or gilsonite, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons. But along with being a fossil gasoline, bitumen is troublesome to extract and energy-intensive to course of. And within the Bible, Noah sealed his arc with bitumen to make the vessel more hydrodynamic. Ours is naked, with a rubbery gray coating often interrupted by strips of plain black bitumen.
Bitumen SC800 price ='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' 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" width="256px" alt="what is bitumen"/>
This implies that trade shall be free to produce at their discretion for the foreseeable future. Disturbed oil sands floor mineable area bitumen manufacturers equalled roughly 895 km² in 2013, accounting for lower than 1% of the total oil sands space. This makes up about 0.2% of Alberta’s boreal forest, which covers over 381,000 km².
There are a number of processed kinds of bitumen used in the modern world, designed for paving streets and roofing homes, as well as additives to diesel or other gasoline oils. The pronunciation of bitumen is "BICH-eh-men" in British English and "by-TOO-men" in North America. Once crude oil has been extracted from the ground Bitumen exporter to Mombasa, the production of bitumen can begin. The crude oil is pumped from the storage tanks and thru a system that will increase the temperature of the crude oil to 200°C.

Dense Graded Bitumen Mixes For Pavements

Modified bitumen roofs have plenty of benefits over other forms of membrane roofing, and are sometimes seen as the trendy alternative to the built up roof. Some bitumen is diluted with lighter hydrocarbon to make ‘dilbit’ so that it will move via a pipeline. Alternatively, bitumen may be upgraded to make heavy crude oil. Both these merchandise can be further refined to make gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other petroleum-primarily based products. Bitumen—also referred to as asphaltum or tar—is a black, oily, viscous form of petroleum, a naturally-occurring natural byproduct of decomposed plants. It is waterproof and flammable, and this remarkable natural substance has been used by humans for a wide variety of tasks and instruments for a minimum of the previous 40,000 years.
By the end of 2013, the total area occupied by oil sands tailings ponds and associated structures, such as dikes, was 220 km². Of that, the whole liquid floor space of the ponds was 88 km². The complete quantity of fine fluid tailings reported by mine operators was 975.6 million m³.
The ground is so skinny in some elements of this area that groundwater sometimes rises to the floor. This water there is used primarily for irrigation, but some 2 million people also use it for consuming water. In May 2013, building on the Gulf Coast section of the pipeline started on Crawford’s farm. In March 2014, the Supreme Court of Texas declined to listen to Crawford’s case, marking the potential finish of her lengthy authorized fight against the pipeline. Environmentalists also point to the method of refining tar sands oil, saying it's going to create massive amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, although the exact proportion enhance is debated.
The earliest identified use of bitumen was by Middle Paleolithic Neanderthals some 40,000 years ago. At Neanderthal sites corresponding to Gura Cheii Cave and Hummal and Umm El Tlel in Syria, bitumen was found adhering to stone instruments, most likely to lock a wooden or ivory haft to the sharp-edged tools. A safety knowledge sheet describes the hazards of drugs and mixtures and makes recommendations for safe dealing with and use. For over 100 years Shell has been a leader in bitumen solutions. That’s why we’re the associate of choice of over 1,800 clients throughout 52 markets. Binders for high-visibility, great looking colored asphalts.

While bitumen is generally utilized in a combination, it can also be used as a binder for roads. This refers to a layer or layers of bitumen that is used in the road to stick or seal other layers. Native Californians traded asphaltum in liquid form and hand-formed pads wrapped in grass and rabbit pores and skin to maintain it from sticking collectively.
Government will closely monitor manufacturing, pipeline capacity, and rail shipments to make sure that production matches what the province can export. Since January 2019, manufacturing limits have aligned manufacturing with export capability, protecting the worth of the province’s oil by helping stop Canadian crude from promoting at giant discounts. The limits have been supposed as a short-term measure, however ongoing delays to pipeline initiatives have led to the curtailment coverage being prolonged by way of December 2021.
The lengthy-time period trend of a reduced supply of Group I oils is accelerating. It is now time for formulators to contemplate Group I replacements for applications corresponding to industrial lubricants, metalworking fluids and process oil. Environmental Studies college students observe their ardour to make a difference. They tackle complex environmental issues and contribute to options.

While every have their deserves, asphalt driveways are higher for finances-conscious householders or those who live in areas with temperature fluctuations. Concrete driveways supply more choices for colours, textures and gildings, but are vulnerable to cracking in cold climate and expensive to repair. While concrete lasts longer, it’s simpler /ishtarcompany.com/iran-bitumen/">https://ishtarcompany.com/iran-bitumen/ ">Bitumen 60/70 price in Dubai and cheaper to resurface asphalt. A customized ornamental concrete driveway has a better potential to increase your own home’s value vs. commonplace asphalt. Because the two supplies are so totally different, the local weather performs a big role of their sturdiness.
The price of benchmark West Texas Intermediate oil at Cushing, Oklahoma above US$100/bbl that prevailed until late 2014 was adequate to promote lively development in oil sands manufacturing. Major Canadian oil firms had announced growth plans and foreign firms had been investing vital amounts of capital, in lots of circumstances forming partnerships with Canadian firms. Cost estimates for Canada embrace the consequences of the mining when the mines are returned to the environment in "nearly as good as or better than authentic condition". Cleanup of the top merchandise of consumption are the duty of the consuming jurisdictions, that are mostly in provinces or international locations other than the producing one.
Computer simulations of simplified mannequin techniques are in a position to reproduce a few of asphalt's characteristic properties. ), is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid type of petroleum. It may be present in natural deposits or could also be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. The largest natural deposit of asphalt on the Bitumen VG 40 price planet, estimated to include 10 million tons, is the Pitch Lake located in La Brea in southwest Trinidad, inside the Siparia Regional Corporation. For naturally occurring bituminous sands used for petroleum production, see Oil sands.

Composite shingles are significantly cheaper than slate, shake or clay, while offering the identical stunning look. Composites can be found to match any fashion and are suitable for any project. Composition roof warranties are an excellent value at over 20 years, often offering ensures as long as 50 years. As you talk to native roofers, ask them what producer they'd recommend on your roof’s structure and location. Three of the commonest composite shingle manufacturers are EcoStar, CertainTeed and Davinci. EcoStar provides a licensed Green product and has shingles which have been accredited for historic buildings in need of repair and preservation.

Bitumen Market Vs Sudden Oil Price

In case of bulk orders, the number of unloading factors also influences the worth. This is why observing the current heating oil prices for the respective area is essential when purchasing heating oil. To acquire Bitumen MC800 the related heating oil price particular calculators can be used, which calculate the value of heating oil relying on the postcode, the approximate quantity required and the variety of unloading factors.

The cost of recycled asphalt ranges from $7 to $60 per ton relying on geographic location and the percentage of recycled material within the mixture. Homeowners usually spend between $55 and $460 for asphalt millings to pave a normal-sized double driveway. It is essential to get multiple estimates from professional asphalt paving corporations before beginning this project. Professionals in your zip code may have a better understanding of the price of the driveway installation bitumen 80/100 project, and getting a number of estimates means that you can shop around for one of the best price. Viscosity Grade Bitumen is petroleum grade bitumen, which produced from fractional vacuum bottom which comes from distillation of crude oil, which feasible equipment and habits modifications in accordance with its temperature. Viscosity Grade Bitumen is a Bitumen grade principally used as a Paving Grade and it’s appropriate for road development and for the asphalt pavements producing with premier attributes.
The steep decline over the past few weeks is because of weak point in U.S. Gulf Coast demand for WCS, he said, as greater manufacturing from Saudi Arabia floods the market and refineries buy much less crude in anticipation of decrease demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After eradicating the price of blending, Murphy estimates the price that flows through to the producer is about 83 cents per barrel, a level at which no producer may be worthwhile. That would equate to about 340,000 barrels per day of the 1.7 million bpd produced by initiatives that use steam to loosen the heavy, sticky oil and allow it to be pumped from wells in northern Alberta, he said. Atlas Oil is a number one company on the Iran bitumen market as one of the Iran bitumen suppliers.
Rapid technological progress is being made to scale back the price of competing renewable sources of energy. Hence there is no consensus about when, if ever, oil prices paid to producers might considerably recuperate. Canada has abundant assets of bitumen and crude oil, with an estimated remaining ultimate resource potential of fifty four billion cubic metres . "Resources" become "reserves" only after it's confirmed that economic recovery may be achieved. At 2013 prices using current know-how, Canada had remaining oil reserves of 27 billion m3 , with ninety eight% of this attributed to grease sands bitumen. This put its reserves in third place in the world behind Venezuela and Saudi Arabia.
We have essentially the most reliable roof installation, alternative and restore contractors near you. Unless slightly more money is put into finishes that resist moss and mildew in humid climates, composite shingles are prone to struggling decay and unpleasant progress. Installing composites does require professional installation, as there are specific instruments used to put in the fabric.
Now it takes Alberta SCO and blended bitumen to most refineries in Ontario. Typically, blended bitumen incorporates about 30% natural gasoline condensate or different diluents and 70% bitumen. Alternatively, bitumen can also be delivered to market by specially designed railway tank automobiles, tank trucks, liquid cargo barges, or ocean-going oil tankers. These do not necessarily require the bitumen be blended with diluent because the tanks could be heated to allow the oil to be pumped out.

Text versionFrom 2011 to 2016 in western Canada, the variety of oil wells completed has decreased from over 10,000 to lower than 2,a hundred and fifty. The number of accomplished wells has recovered considerably since then, rising to 4,580 in 2017 and 4,685 in 2018, before declining again to three,244 in 2019. The common metres drilled per nicely has elevated steadily since 2003, from a mean of 1,202 metres drilled in 2003 to 2,605 in 2019. Light tight oil is found in sedimentary rock characterized by very low permeability, typically shale rock.
While most asphalt corporations are experienced, respected and reliable, always conduct s analysis. With all the attractive and distinctive designs in asphalt stamping, you possibly can simply get carried away. However, your objective must be to deliver all elements to work in harmony and complement one another. For instance, if you have a pool space with an old-college design, there are lots of patterns to complement it exquisitely. Don’t just select a stamping sample as a result of it is distinctive to avoid a classy look. Although picking a precise match may be odd, select a pattern that complements instead of matching.

• The region is one of the main producers of crude oil on the earth, due to this fact, its capability for producing bitumen with premium high quality is exceptional.
• There is conflicting research on the consequences of the oil sands development on aquatic life.

A single-monitor rail line carrying 10 trains per day, each with one hundred twenty tank vehicles, can move 630,000 bbl/d (100,000 m3/d) to 780,000 bbl/d (124,000 m3/d), which is the capability of a giant transmission pipeline. This would require 300 locomotives and 18,000 tank automobiles, which is a small a part of the fleet of a Class 1 railroad. By comparison, the two Canadian Class 1 railways, Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway , have 2,four hundred locomotives and 65,000 freight automobiles between them, and CP strikes 30–35 trains per day on its primary line to Vancouver.
It is designed to be shipped by idle rail vehicles formerly used to move coal to the West Coast for loading onto bulk ocean freighters for export. Broder was trying to figure out tips on how to alter a product’s viscosity so it could be transported in semi-solid form in 2003 when he found he may use an electrical process to take action. The undiluted bitumen, dubbed BitCrude, ends up with a viscosity someplace between peanut butter and agency Bitumen SC250 butter. It is loaded into specially designed and permitted delivery containers for cold transport by rail and container ships. At the shopper end, an electrical gadget is connected to the containers to liquefy the bitumen for unloading. Another distinguished technique of grading bitumen is the viscosity grading system, which ends up in the classification of bitumen into 4 classes, VG 10, VG 20, VG 30, and VG 40.

Both these merchandise could be further refined to make gasoline, diesel, jet gasoline and different petroleum-based merchandise. Canada's oil sands are the biggest bitumen price per ton malaysia deposit of crude oil on the planet. The oil sands , are a mixture of sand, water, clay and a kind of oil referred to as bitumen.
There are a number of processed types of bitumen used within the modern world, designed for paving streets and roofing homes, as well as additives to diesel or other gas oils. The pronunciation of bitumen is "BICH-eh-men" in British English and "by-TOO-men" in North America. Bitumen is a naturally occurring darkish substance composed of fragrant hydrocarbons and can occur in solid and liquid types.

Beggs, H.D.; Robinson, J. Estimating the viscosity of crude oil systems. Elsharkawy, A.M.; Hassan, S.A.; Hashim, Y.S.K.; Fahim, M.A. New compositional fashions for calculating the viscosity of crude oils. This article demonstrates the concept of application of a number of machine studying algorithms, such as random forest , lightgbm, XGBoost, MLP neural community, SRV and SuperLearner to foretell dead oil viscosity based on totally different useful types. The study revealed that XGBoost and SuperLearner could be promising tools in dead oil viscosity prediction from these strategies and could be utilized to reduce the cost of laboratory measurements. It was found that since SuperLearner integrates the deserves of base machine studying algorithms, its functionality in forecasting a more accurate dead oil viscosity is improved considerably.

Ultimately, we have to develop a way that would be cheaper compared to laboratory research when each conditions aren't a difficulty. Regarding what was stated, this has graveled the way for modification and adoption of already existing empirical correlations over a time frame. The literature argues that the bottom common absolute relative error could be achieved when viscosity is predicted by AI fashions and the best correlation coefficient as compared to present empirical correlations .

Gauging Extraction Efficiency

The time-temperature equivalence principle indicates that the influence of prolonging the check length on mechanical properties of materials is equal to that of accelerating the temperature. According to the time-temperature equivalence precept, varied viscoelastic parameters measured through experiment may /ishtarcompany.com/iran-bitumen/">https://ishtarcompany.com/iran-bitumen/ ">bitumen 60 70 be superimposed through shift components to draw a grasp curve. Conventional tests were carried out to judge the properties of warm-mix HVA, including penetration , softening point , ductility , kinematic viscosity , motive viscosity (60°C) , and elastic recovery .

The proposed SuperLearner model, which has improved crude oil viscosity accuracy and effectivity in comparison with beforehand printed ones, could be applied in any reservoir simulator program. Traditionally, crude oil viscosity is decided experimentally on the reservoir temperature and pressure on the subsurface or surface samples, but Bitumen supplier in Mombasa this is typically pricey and time-consuming and requires a strong technical specialty . In this regard, numerous empirical and semi-empirical relationships have been developed prior to now a long time, mainly from the corresponding equation of state to foretell the crude oil viscosity.

Nourozieh, H.; Kariznovi, M.; Abedi, J. Density and viscosity of Athabasca bitumen samples at temperatures up to 200 °C and pressures as much as 10 MPa. High viscosity warmth jacket bitumen pump applies to deliver the heavy oil, bitumen, glue, resin and scour etc bitumen 80 100. Mineral tar is produced from rocks with a high quantity of bitumen in them. The most typical kind of rock used on this course of is shale.
In the oscillation stress or pressure sweep the pattern is subjected to small amplitude oscillatory (i.e. clockwise then counter clockwise) shear. Various methods are available to quantify thixotropic recovery rates. Two wonderful strategies are the viscometric three-step thixotropy take a look at and the oscillatory three-step thixotropy take a look at. Consistency and Power Law Index parameters are then reported. 1) Working characteristics of the inner gear pump are non-pulsating conveying.

• In pavement design, low temperature is the temperature at which the PAV aged bitumen beam has creep stiffness of 300 MPa minus 10°C, 60 seconds after loading by bending beam rheometer equipment.

From the desk, it can be vividly seen that greater contents of FT-Paraffin cause a rise in minimal design temperature of pavements. Table 4 exhibits the effects of FT-Paraffin content material on the high service temperature. The high service temperature is a temperature at which the might be bigger than 1 kPa for unaged bitumen and larger than 2.2 kPa for RTFO aged bitumen . According to this research Cutback bitumen price, at a given temperature, by growing the FT-Paraffin additive in base bitumen, the and values have elevated and decreased, respectively. A related development can be seen for modified bitumen after the RTFO ageing course of. The effect of FT-Paraffin content on bodily properties of modified bitumen may be seen in Table three.
Fully blown or oxidised bitumens are produced by vigorous air-blowing of brief residue or brief residue blended with a heavy distillate. The place of the blowing curve is primarily depending on the viscosity of the feed, ie the softer the feed the higher the curve. The severity of blowing is dependent upon the temperature within the column and to a lesser extent on the residence time.
Ultimately, the proposed SuperLearner model may be employed in other static and dynamic reservoir modeling tasks. Internal gear pumps function a series of design enhancements that make them ideal for dealing with asphaltic merchandise with a variety of temperatures and viscosities. These embody a big jacketed floor on the pump case and strain reduction valve, jacketing behind the pump rotor, a rotatable casing and high-strength, ductile-iron gear materials. The change in regular-state viscosity of heat-combine HVA at 60°C with shear rate is proven in Figure 6.
Thus, a number of efforts have been directed towards the prediction of the viscosity of bitumen at various temperatures and pressures . In the literature , the effect of uncertainty in PVT knowledge on check results has been addressed, for instance, in material steadiness Bitumen VG 30 specification equations and reserves and output estimates for more risky fluids . Hence, in the past decades, totally different models had been developed for the estimation of the fluid reservoir properties.
Normal follow is to heat Bitumen to cut back its viscosity. In some situations choice is given to use liquid binders similar to cutback bitumen. In cutback bitumen Suitable solvent is used to decrease the viscosity of the bitumen.

Considering the fact that asphalt incorporates a high volume of oil and that oil prices are volatile, this can make a huge distinction. It’s production additionally requires less labor and fewer man hours, additional decreasing expenses to clients like your self. Asphalt shingles can absolutely be recycled, but bitumen only round 9% of asphalt shingles find yourself getting recycled into other things, similar to the necessary ingredients for asphalt roads. This low share appears to be connected to the cost of the recycling process and an absence of asphalt-recycling facilities.
Because RAS substitutes for more expensive virgin asphalt cement and combination, it lowers the general cost of hot-combine asphalt. The progress of this application is anticipated as recycled content material continues to be accepted by extra states. Recycled asphalt shingles are presently approved for warm-mix asphalt pavement in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Texas, Missouri, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, and New Hampshire.

It is far inexpensive to keep a road in good condition than it is to restore it as soon as it has deteriorated. This is why some agencies place the precedence on preventive maintenance of roads in good condition, somewhat than reconstructing roads in poor situation. In phrases of lifetime cost and long term pavement situations, it will end in higher system efficiency.
I actually have seen this materials used for frivolously used private roads and driveways in my area. When I tried to get a contractor to provide me a quote on grading my drive with it, he beneficial Bitumen RC3000 for sale in opposition to using it saying that there have been environmental concerns. I'm not capable of finding any reference to that aspect of the fabric online.
Sparolin mentioned different cities have already started reaching out to Richmond so they can also perceive the process. The metropolis added that the project outcomes, in some form, might be broadly shared so others can develop their very own packages. Browse other questions tagged driveway asphalt gravel or ask your own question. If you'll be able to't edit the picture into your query, add the URL of an image and somebody will be along to edit it in.

Where To Purchase Recycled Asphalt

Middlings usually have a higher bitumen content material than the underflow (usually 1 to 4%) and a density vary of 1.05 to 1.20 t/m³. This materials is often reprocessed in aerated flotation units due to its significant bitumen content material. Middlings are usually comprised of fine solids and clays, which trap the bitumen and hinder attachment to air bubbles. Middlings with a excessive Bitumen VG 40 price density are likely to even have a high bitumen content material and lots of fine clays. Conversely, middlings which have a low density normally comprise little or no bitumen and fewer fines. Some operators even have a tertiary bitumen recovery circuit, where bitumen is recovered from the tailings of the principle gravity separation vessel.
Using RAP could save the City of New York almost $5M in annual asphalt costs. A northeast-Ohio asphalt producer is optimizing its use of RAP by processing it into constant sizes, which are stockpiled and used as needed in business and DOT mixes. For instance, in finer floor mixes, an increased quantity of fantastic RAP can be employed, whereas a higher fraction of coarse sized RAP can be used in massive stone mixes. “Like some other materials in HMA, RAP must be engineered into the combo , not simply dumped,” it says in an analysis. Thus mixes containing each RAP and RAS have turn into permanent components of environmentally sustainable road development, and RAP is used extensively as a base material as properly. The Asphalt Institute is on report saying the elements of RAP have value – particularly true of the asphalt binder – and that the residual asphalt can reduce the amount of recent asphalt binder in a mixture.

• After demoulding, they had been placed in a constant temperature tank and immersed in water for 1.5 h.
• One roofing contractor desires $18,750 for a 60 mil TPO roof and skylights.

Hydrotransport feed normally has a density of 1.50 to 1.58 t/m³ and a bitumen content material of approximately 8%. In order to improve settling, the feed is usually diluted to a density closer to 1.4 t/m³ before it enters the vessel. In order to recuperate the bitumen droplets, the bitumen must first be liberated from the sand grain. Once liberated , Bitumen SC250 suppliers (water-fearing) bitumen will seek to attach itself to any free air bubbles. This aerated bitumen droplet is relatively light and can float to the highest of the gravity separation vessel.
Other applications, corresponding to strapping tape, injection-moulded engineering elements and building supplies, account for 13% of the 2010 RPET manufacturing. Used polyethylene terephthalate containers are sorted into totally different shade fractions and baled for onward sale. PET recyclers further kind the baled bottles and they're washed and flaked . Non-PET fractions similar to caps and labels are removed throughout this process. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bitumen.asp can take place e.g. melt filtering and pelletizing or varied remedies to provide meals-contact-approved recycled PET . This sorted PET waste is crushed, chopped into flakes, pressed into bales, and supplied on the market.

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Thus, RA present important characteristics of low energy, excessive voidage, small bulk density, and large water absorption . Some research on the application of CDW have verified its feasibility of using in highway engineering, as pavement base materials [9–12] or subgrade fillers . Their mechanical properties [14–16], sturdiness and stability [17–19], and effect of specimens compaction method have been comprehensively studied . To enhance the property of those RA mixtures, some sorts of additives were elective [21–23]. To notice the accuracy and environment friendly utilization of CDW, the separation know-how of RA compositions, e.g., recycled concrete aggregates and recycled brick aggregates , developed rapidly. Lots of bodily strategies, together with spirals, density and magnetic eddy present, and optical and air jigging, have already achieved efficient separation of RCA and RCB [24–26].
The very notion of the industrial ecosystem is motivated by the idea that we should always learn from natural ecosystems tips on how to " close the loop. " Recycling isn't just central to IE, it's part of on a regular basis life. One false impression stems from na¨ıve assumptions regarding recycled material displacing primary production. Two others assert the environmental advantages of recycling material a number of instances, or a minimum of in a closed loop.

Materials and labor prices rose for the fourth consecutive month as the engineering and construction industry rebounds from the COVID-19 induced recession. Concrete contractor McCormick Construction benefited from admixtures in its concrete combine to realize a successful ready-mix concrete pour. Concrete with RCA could be transported, placed, and compacted in the same method as conventional concrete.
Installation costs can be just as high for a flat roof as they would be for a steeper roof with say an 18/12 pitch. Covering a flat roof is a whole totally different animal than shingling a pitched one. On a flat roof you need to keep away from any forms of seams, if at all possible. View MnDOT Special Provisions for all trunk highway construction projects.

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