Вылаживаю еще одну тему по английскому о Беларуси. Тема очень большая и подробная, при желании можно спокойно укоротить. Пару человек уже сказали мне спасибо за прошлые темы, так что это явно кому-то нужно=) А я рад стараться)
My Motherland Is Belarus
The official name of my Motherland is The Republic of Belarus, the national pronunciation is “Respublika Belarus’”. It is situated in the centre of Europe. Its capital is Minsk. Belarus is bordered by Latvia in the north, Lithuania in the northwest, Poland in the west, Russia in the north and east and Ukraine in the south. Time zone is the second. The territory of Belarus is 207 600 km2. The highest place is Dzerzhynskaja hill, that height is 345 m, the lowest place is near river Nyoman it’s mark above sea level is 90 m. Belarus contain 6 regions, the centers of them are Vitebsk (Vicebsk), Minsk, Homel, Mogilyov (Magilyou), Hrodno, Brest. Other big cities in Belarus are Orsha, Borysau, Pinsk, Maladzechna, Baranavichy, Babruisk.
Near the XIII century somebody in “Incipiunt descriptiones terrarium” that was found in Dublin called our country White Rus. The territory of “Alba Russia” how it was called in first manuscripts was between Pskou and Turau. One opinion that the lands have received theirs names because they were free of the power of the tataro-mongolian yoke. Second opinion because our ancestors wear white close, but I think it isn’t a very realistic theory , because our ancestors wore linen clothes and the color of linen is grey and by the way white clothes aren’t practical because it will be always dirty and people of that time didn’t wear impractical clothes . Third opinion is that a lot of toponymies in this territory were white. Fourth theory that White Rus was to the north of Belarus, near the Novgorod and in XVIII Russians by mistake called us Belarus. The forth theory is very realistic because at the end of this century many people said, that they are Lithuanians, because our historical name is Lithuania and nowadays Lithuania is historical Zhamojc, that stole our name and historical capital for patriotic idea. Belarus was named Belorussia in the days of Imperial Russia, and the Russian tsar was usually styled Tsar of All the Russias—Great, Little, and White. Belorussia was the only Russian language name of the country (its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) until 1991, when the Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic decreed by law that the new independent republic should be called Belarus in Russian and in all other language transcriptions of its name. Some Belarusians object to the name Belorussia as an unwelcome reminder of the days under Russian and Soviet rule.
Belarus declared itself sovereign on July 27, 1990, by issuing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. With the support of the Communist Party, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Belarus on August 25, 1991.[29] Stanislav Shushkevich, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, met with Boris Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine on December 8, 1991 in Belavezhskaya Pushcha to declare formally the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Communist Party became under law.
A national Constitution of Republic of Belarus was adopted 15.03.1994. Two-round elections for the presidency (June 24, 1994 and July 10, 1994) resulted in the politically the first and the latest president Alexander Lukashenko than won with more than 45% of the vote in the first round and 80%[29] in the second round, beating Vyacheslav Kebich who got only 14%. 14.05.1995 was held first Belarusian Referendum at the initiative of the president that has resulted to second official language, that now becomes the first, changing national flag and arms to flag and arms that close to soviet, and integration with Russia. The second Belarusian Referendum was held at 24.11.1996 that changed Constitution and date of Day of Independence of Belarus to Day of Independence of Minsk. (Look application 1). The results of The third Referendum of Belarus allows Lukashenko to be elected unlimited times. Belarus is a presidential republic, governed by a president and the National Assembly. In accordance with the constitution, the president is elected once in five years. The National Assembly is a bicameral parliament comprising the 110-member House of Representatives (the lower house) and the 64-member Council of the Republic (the upper house). The House of Representatives has the power to appoint the prime minister, make constitutional amendments, call for a vote of confidence on the prime minister, and make suggestions on foreign and domestic policy. The Council of the Republic has the power to select various government officials, conduct an impeachment trial of the president, and accept or reject the bills passed by the House of Representatives. Also Belarus has opposition to official authorities, but they have no chances to win because divide the power in the parties and cannot unite and think up a uniform innovative plan of action, that will be useful and accessible to understanding for almost all of population in Belarus. After last elections Belarus had political prisoners, but now there is no such.
Belarusian population is 9 675 600 people. Belarus has a negative population growth rate. 71.7% of its total population is concentrated in urban areas. As of 2007, 69.7% of Belarus’ population is aged 14 to 64; 16% is under 14, and 14.6% is 65 or older. There are about 0.88 males per female in Belarus. The average life expectancy is 68.7 years (63.0 years for males and 74.9 years for females). Over 99% of Belarusians are literate. Ethnic structure contain 78% - Belarusians, 13% - Russians, 4% - Poles, 3% - Ukrainians, 0.3% - Jews and other such as Armenians, Tatars, Gipsy, Lithuanians, Latvians, Germans, Georgians. Main religions of Belarus are Russian Orthodox Church (1224 community) and Catholicism (432 community), other are Belarusian Greek Catholic Church(14 communities), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, other Protestants communities, Cemeteries, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam. There are two official languages in Belarus, these are the Belarusian and the Russian languages. Most population doesn’t know any of them perfect. As nation Belarusian are known as partisans, and in earlier famous battles, such as Grunvald, Belarusians are called Lithuanians. Since olden days Belarusian possessed hospitality, indifference to events around, patience and diligence.
Climate in Belarus is rather mild and variable and called continental moderated. It can be rains in winter, it can be freezes in September and May, it can be 5 degrees bellow zero in April, it can be 5 degrees above zero in January. Sometimes it’s very hot in summer and sometimes the temperature doesn’t become higher than 20 degrees all the summer. Belarus’ natural resources include peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomite (limestone), marl, chalk, sand, gravel, and clay. About 70% of the radiation from neighboring Ukraine's 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster entered Belarusian territory, and a big territory of Belarus was damaged, but some was left. Big rivers that run through the country are The Zapadnaja Dvina, The Dnieper, The Nyoman. More than 40% of Belarus are under forests, Belarus contains a lot of lakes, theirs number is more than 11000. There are a lot of foxes, hares, otters, snakes, muskrats, mice in Belarusian forests and reservoirs and lynxes, brown bears, bisons, badgers and flying fibers are under protection, because of theirs small number. The area of the lands of wood is more than 9 million hectares. A variety of woods of Belarus is characterized by 111 types of breeds. These are 13 types of pine woods, 12 types of fir groves. Forests with wide leaves are presented by 12 types of oak groves. Under protection such plants as Venus Shoe, Jug Small, Water-Lily White and other.
Industry of Belarus produces different techniques, medicine preparations and drugs, food, clothes, furniture and other necessary things. Most of the Belarusian economy remains state-controlled, as in Soviet times. Thus, 51.2% of Belarusians are employed by state companies, 47.4% are employed by private Belarusian companies (of which 5.7% are partially foreign-owned), and 1.4% are employed by foreign companies. The country relies on imports such as oil from Russia. As of 1994, the biggest exports from Belarus were heavy machinery (especially tractors), agricultural products, and energy products. Belarus is a manufacturer of cars (МАЗ, БелАЗ), tractors (Беларус), the road-building and municipal techniques (Амкодор), TVs (Horizon, Vityaz), fridges (Атлант), chemical fibers and threads (Полимир), potash fertilizers (Беларуськалий), production textile and light industry.
Agriculture takes big role in Belarus. Important agricultural products include potatoes and cattle byproducts, including meat. That’s why every spring, summer, autumn we are watching TV-news about sowing and harvest works. But our country has problems with rational product use and saving, and in winter we will buy better polish or Dutch apples and other fruit, because they look more beautiful than Belarusian.
Belarus has its own culture. Nowadays Belarus has it’s own writers such as Yladzimir Arlou, Nill Gilevich, poets are Andrej Hadanovich, Alyeś Nyauveś, Valyaryna Kustava, Arcyom Arashonac. There is a monthly literature magazine with all this people that called “Dzeyaslou”. In music famous are N.R.M., Mauzer, Usplyosk, Krama, Krok, Z’myaja(З.Ь.М.Я.Я.), B.N., IQ48, Indiga, Krambabulya, Lyapis Trubezki, Neuro Dubel, Palac, Termin X, Tarpach, different projects of Lyavon Vol’ski. Belarusfilm makes it’s films, but they are very boring, because they can make film only on two themes, Great Patriotic War and films for children, and this company has settled all ideas on these themes. Unfortunately only some people know about people mentioned above, because our government doesn’t know national history and doesn’t like our national culture, that’s why it spreads only prorussian culture. Every year different festivals of arts are held in Belarus, but tickets for them are rather expensive and often who don’t want to pay so many for such concerts, that’s why at such festivals as “Slavyanskij Bazar v Vitebske” many people prefer to drink some or much bear (they can’t drink bear in the centre because there are a lot of militia here that doesn’t allow to bring and drink bear in centre, it’s a dry law in centre for time of festival) and go to the centre of the city to watch fireworks, some other people go to the alternative scene, that situated not in the centre and where Rock or Krishnaists groups act. Also Belarus has it’s own science and scientists, but there is very little financing that’s why only themselves know about their achievements. But many people know famous scientists from Belarus such as Zhores Alferov, Pavel Sukhoi, Kazimierz Siemienowicz, which invented multistage rocket.
I think the most famous Belarusian is Francysk Scarina, who was the first book printer in Slavic lands. Other famous Belarusian is Kastuś Kalinoŭski, who was a writer, journalist, lawyer and revolutionary. He was one of the leaders of Belarusian and Lithuanian national revival and the leader of the January Uprising in the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko was a Polish-Lithuanian(Lithuanian in meaning Belarusian) and American national hero and general. He led the Kościuszko Uprising (1794) against Imperial Russia. Uladzimir Karatkevich was a great writer and poet from Orsha. Marc Chagall was a Belarusian and French Jewish great artist from Vitebsk associated with Modernist art movements of the 20th century. Mark Fradkin is a soviet composer, that born in Vtebsk, author of many songs and music for films.
Minsk is the capital of Belarus. All financial, political, economic, cultural and scientific country arteries are crossed here. Minsk is the biggest city in Belarus. It’s population more than 1 814 000. It is the only city with a natural increase. Minsk has nine regions, they are Tsentral'ny, Savetski, Pershamayski, Partyzanski, Zavodzki, Leninski, Kastrychnitski, Maskouski, Frunzenski (For micro regions look application 2). Minsk has over 500 nursery schools, 258 schools, 28 further education colleges, and 36 higher education institutions, including 12 major national universities (most specializing in certain areas of science and technology). Minsk has an extensive public transport system. Passengers are served by 8 tramway lines, over 70 trolleybus lines, and over 100 bus lines. Tram is the first public transport used in Minsk (since 1892 - horse-tram, and since 1929 - electric tram). Public buses are in use in Minsk since 1924, and trolleybuses - since 1952. Minsk has a Metro, but not very deep, what helps people to save time, because deep metro always take a lot of time to rise and fall from and in it. A minor planet 3012 Minsk discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1979 is named after the city.
Действительно огромная тема, скоро выложу еще, высказывайте свои пожелания, что еще нужно. буду вылаживать)
Нашел интересный сайт, где можно
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Ну, а если вы ищете где же все-таки
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