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iO2 0,2…0,5 %. 3 , ·iO2. , . (0,1…4%) , . iO2 C3S.
MnCO3 . 3…4% Mn2O3 : , C2S . . Mn2O3 β- C2S 4%, α- C2S 8%, C3S 2%.
. , , . , 2+ 2+, Sr2+ Cd2+.
. . , , .
, , .
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, , .
.
0,1…0,6% Cr2O3 500…1600 , .
, . C3S. 0,1…0,6% Cr2O3, 1…2% Cr2O3.
, .. .
, Cr6+ ( ), 0,0002%. .
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: MgO. |
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CaCO3·MgCO3, MgCO3. Mg, . Mg ·MgO·SiO2, 2·MgO·SiO2, .
2,3% MgO, . . MgO , , , (). MgO C2S .
MgO . 2% MgO . 2% MgO . MgO (% ):
Mg2+ 2+ (Ca1-x·Mgx)3SiO5( ). Mg2+ Fe3+. . 54·16SiO2·MgO·Al2O3( ).
C3S C2S MgO 3% , , , . MgO> 3% C3S .
1450 MgO , , ( ) Mg(OH)2 .
MgO 5…6%. 31108 MgO 5%.
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, , , , , , , , . , :
. , , 3. . . α -C2S, C53 , , .
, .
F- , .
65% CaF2, 0,6% , 4% 2,5 .
, .
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, 1300—1450 , :
1450…1750C 5…10% , . C3S Mg2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Na+ . C3 C4AF C2S C3S. C2S, C3 C4AF.
15…30 1300…1450C. . , , .
:
, 1% .
C3S 1000 C , 1600 C 1…3 . , . .
28- 15 , .
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LSF , ó . (LSF) C3S() . (). 0,90-0,94.
(). 1 .%, 2 .%.
1450 20 - 30% . n . , C2S+→ C3S.
SiO2 (.. n) C3S+ C2S C3A+C4AF. . n, .
n=3…4 . n 2,0…2,5.
p 1,4…1,8 . p 1,8 - . C3A C3A→ C5A3++. .. , .
. - . . , , . 1400 A12O3 Fe23. 56% CaO, 7% Si2, 23% Al23 14% Fe23. , , , . ( ) , () .
, 65-70% 8% 3.
: 3S + C2S = 75-78%, C3S = 54-62%, 2S = 14-24%. .
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, ó , , , . (). , , . , , .
.
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900-1000 IV , III, II I , . 30 , - 40 . , 300-600 .
, , , . IV 700-800 , .
25-30 , , , 25-30% . , , . 80 % 20 % .
- , , ( ), . — 50-60 .
, : , .
, , , . Ca3 – ( ), , .
60% , - . , , . 1,4–1,7 4-5 . , .
2 ( 85% ).
:
720-750 . 1000-1050 , 920-950 . « — » 70-75 , 85-95%.
1 3 2,5-3 , 5-5,5 6000-8000 /, 3-3,1 / . , , .
( ) .
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, . 3. |
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IV. 5% . 1250 – 1300 C . 1600 – 1700 .
( 2CaO·SiO2, 3CaO·Al2O3, 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3, 3CaO·SiO2). , . ( 420 1 ), 150-200 ( ). , , C2S, 53 3. 1300 . C2S, 3, C4AF C2F (.)
V. 13 – 18% . (20 – 30%) , 100 – 200 . – 3CaO·SiO2 (). 1450 . , , 1450 1350 C ( ), - . . 1700 – 1800 . 0,6 – 0,8 /, – 25 /.
1300 20-30 % . 3, C4AF, MgO , C2S. — C3S C2S . , , . C3S C2S , , .
, , C3S . C2S. , 1203, MgO, , . 54·16SiO2·Al2O3·MgO ( ).
1300 1450 , . , , . , : , , ; , — , . , - , , 0,5-1 %.
, - (3, C4AF). , .
, C3S, - ( CaF2, Na2SiFg MgSiF6, , .). , C2S C3S . 0,5-1 % . 100-150°. , , , . . , 0,8-1 %, .
VI. 2 – 6% . 1100 – 1250 °. , , 400 – 800 °.
80-100°.
1300° C3S. .
1450 1300° , 3, C4AF, MgO ( ). .
- ( ) , , - (C4AF, 3, 53), ( ). , MgO. MgO ( 30-40 ), . MgO , , (8-10 ), .
, . , ( ) . 3, . .
— , 1300 , (1000- 1100 ).
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- , , 6 .
.
I. 20 – 25% . . 15 – 20 °C 170 – 200 °C. 800 – 900 ° 180 – 250 °. 4 – 6 /, 0,8 – 1,5 /. 7 – 8 /. . . . , , 90 – 110 C 8 – 10%, . 18 – 20% .
, , , (300-900 ). , . , , , , .
II. 25 – 30% . . () . q1 = 7880 / :
Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O = Al2O3·2SiO2 + 2H2O – q1.
1100 – 1200 . 550 – 800 . 2 – 4 /. 13 /. .
400-500 . , .
III. () 22 – 30% . .
950 – 1100 °. 1500 – 1600 °. 3 – 6 /, 16 /.
750-800° . , 1000° . 800° , , . . β-2·Si02, ·1203 2·Fe2Os.
900-1000° (.) 02. . , 03 , (1780 1 03).
, 1000-1100 03 (.) C2S, C2F ( ), .
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. , . - , .
. . - .
. , 1,03 1,25 .
1,05-1,10. , , , .
, , , , . 2 2200, 1360.
. , , . 60-80 / , – 200-350 /.
. , , , , .
. . , 0,05-0,1 1-3%. , .
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. ≈1450.
, . . , , , , , .
, .
. . , , . , , . , . α, 1,05 – 1,3.
, – . : , , R 008. , . , 10 – 12%. W=1 – 2%.
2 .
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