Jefferson Airplane - White Rabbit |
"White Rabbit" is a psychedelic rock/acid rock song from Jefferson Airplane's 1967 album Surrealistic Pillow. It was released as a single and became the band's second top ten success, peaking at #8 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was ranked #478 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, #27 on Rate Your Music's Top Singles of All Time and appears on the The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.
History
“White Rabbit” was written by Grace Slick while she was still with The Great Society, , and it was originally performed by The Great Society. When that band broke up in 1966, Slick was invited to join Jefferson Airplane to replace their departed lead singer. The first album she recorded with Jefferson Airplane was Surrealistic Pillow, and Slick provided two songs, “Somebody to Love” (recorded as “Someone to Love” by The Great Society) and “White Rabbit”, that had been previously recorded and performed by The Great Society. Both songs became breakout successes for Jefferson Airplane and have since been associated with that band.
Lyrics and composition
One of Grace Slick's earliest songs, written during either late 1965 or early 1966, it includes comparisons of the hallucinatory effects of psychedelic drugs such as Magic Mushrooms with the imagery found in the fantasy works of Lewis Carroll: 1865's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its 1871 sequel Through the Looking-Glass. Events in these books, such as changing size after eating mushrooms or drinking an unknown liquid, are referenced in the song. Characters referenced include Alice, the hookah-smoking caterpillar, the White Knight, the Red Queen, and the Dormouse.
Slick has stated that White Rabbit was a response towards parents who asked why their children were taking drugs. According to her, books that parents would read to their children, such as "Alice in Wonderland," encouraged them to experiment with substances since surreal and colorful imagery was often used. She has also mentioned in interviews related to the song that "Alice in Wonderland" was often read to her as a child, and remained a vivid childhood memory into her adult years.
Set to a rising crescendo similar to that of Ravel's famous Boléro, and having a strong Spanish influence to it, the music combined with the song's lyrics strongly suggest the sensory distortions experienced with hallucinogens and the song was later utilized in pop culture to imply or accompany just such a state. "White Rabbit" is one of two songs, along with "Somebody to Love," that Slick brought with her to Jefferson Airplane from her earlier group The Great Society when she replaced original Airplane vocalist Signe Toly Anderson[citation needed].
Genesis
While the Red Queen and the White Knight are both mentioned in the song, the references are incorrect in detail. In Lewis Carroll's original text, the White Knight does not talk backward and it is the Queen of Hearts, not the Red Queen, who says "Off with her head!"
The 1951 Alice In Wonderland Disney movie often refers to the Queen of Hearts as the Red Queen because many of the Red Queen's characteristics are assigned to the Queen of Hearts character.
The last lines of the song are "Remember what the Dormouse said. Feed your head. Feed your head." and do not explicitly quote the Dormouse as is often assumed. Remembering what the Dormouse said probably refers to "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," Chapter XI 'Who Stole the Tarts' wherein a very nervous Mad Hatter is called to testify:
"'But what did the Dormouse say?' one of the jury asked."
"'That I can't remember,' said the Hatter.
"Feed your head" likely refers to the purported mind-expanding effects resulting from the ingestion of hallucinogenic substances.
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