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В , , , .
Jon Gingerich, O’Dwyer’s , 20 , , , .
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Who () – «», «», «», «» «». , . Whom () «», «», «», «» «». Whom , . , Who «» «», Whom – «» «». , «I consulted an attorney whom I met in New York. cf., I consulted him» ( , . , «»).
, . «That» — . , «I don’t trust fruits and vegetables that aren’t organic». . , . «Which» , , , . , «I recommend you eat only organic fruits and vegetables, which are available in area grocery stores». В . Which , that .
. Lay – . , . – Lay (, I lay the pencil on the table), – laid (, Yesterday I laid the pencil on the table). Lie – . . – Lie (, The Andes mountains lie between Chile and Argentina) – lay (The man lay waiting for an ambulance). , Lay (, I laid on the bed), Lie (I lay on the bed).
В Moot - //. , . , «The idea that commercial zoning should be allowed in the residential neighborhood was a moot point for the council» ( , , ).
, . Continual -, . Continuous -, . , «The continual music next door made it the worst night of studying ever» ( , , ) «Her continuous talking prevented him from concentrating» ( ).
Envy () - . Jealousy () . , . Envy – , , Jealousy – , , .
Nor . « ». В Nor, . , «Neither the men nor the women were drunk» ( , ). В neither – nor either – or, , Nor , – . , , Or. , «He won’t eat broccoli or asparagus» — .
May , Might – . «You may get drunk if you have two shots in ten minutes» (В , 10 ) . «You might get a ticket if you operate a tug boat while drunk» (В , ) – , . , «I may have more wine», , , Might, , . В Might .
, . . Whether , . If , . , «I don’t know whether I’ll get drunk tonight» ( , ) «I can get drunk tonight if I have money for booze» ( , ).
Less . Few fewer – , . , «The firm has fewer than ten employees» ( , 10 ) «The firm is less successful now that we have only ten employees» ( , 10 ).
Farther . Further , . , «I threw the ball ten feet farther than Bill» ( 10 , ) «The financial crisis caused further implications» ( ).
Since , Because – . , «Since I quit drinking I’ve married and had two children»( , ) «Because I quit drinking I no longer wake up in my own vomit» ( , ).
В , . Disinterested () – . , - , . В . , , . , -, Uninterested.
, , «anxious to see your friends». В eager () excited (). To be anxious , , - .
. rather faster – , Than (, /, , , … ..). Different . Different , From, «separate from», «distinct from» «away from». , «My living situation in New York was different from home» ( ). Different Than , Than . , «Development is different in New York than in Los Angeles» ( ).
Bring Take , . , Bring, – Take. , «take your clothes to the cleaners» ( ), – «bring your clothes to the cleaners» ( ).
. Impact (The impact of the crash was severe – ) (The crash impacted my ability to walk or hold a job — ). Impactful – , .
, : Affect (, «Facebook affects people’s attention spans»), Effect – (, «Facebook’s effects can also be positive»). Affect , , / (Effect). . Effect , - . , «My new computer effected a much-needed transition from magazines to Web porn». Affect . , «His lack of affect made him seem like a shallow person».
, . , Irony () . , «Barbara moved from California to New York to escape California men, but the first man she ended up meeting and falling in love with was a fellow Californian» ( , , ). Coincidence () – , , . , «Barbara moved from California to New York, where she ended up meeting and falling in love with a fellow Californian» ( , , , — ).
. Nauseous () , , . , «That week-old hot dog is nauseous» ( - — ). , «nauseated». , «I was nauseated after falling into that dumpster behind the Planned Parenthood».
, Jon Gingerich « » (The Elements of Style) William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White».
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