Abstract:

In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a method for locating a mobile terminal in a communication network. The method includes: receiving a request data frame for locating the mobile terminal; uniquely encoding at least a portion of the request data frame (at an LCS client); determining the location of the mobile terminal (by a PDE); communicating the location information of the mobile terminal in a response data frame having an encrypted portion; and decrypting the location information of the mobile terminal (at the LCS client).

Description:

BACKGROUND

Advanced telecommunication systems provide geolocation services in addition to the traditional telephony services. Geolocation equipment determines the geographical location of the mobile terminal and provides services such as providing directions or directing the mobile terminal to nearby points of interest. Geolocation equipment may provide other services including the Emergency 911 (E911) service, PLMN operator services, and Lawful Intercept services in which user location may be needed.

Conventional communication systems carry voice, data and multimedia communication on the user plane while conducting signaling which supports the actual communication on the control plane. Control plane-based position location relies ultimately on the exchange of signaling messages between an external location services client (LCS) and the internal network position determination entity (PDE) that is responsible for the actual location calculation. Locating a mobile terminal can be done on the control plane or the use plane. The third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) provides technical specification and functional description of the provision for location information.

For control plane, as opposed to user plane positioning, signaling messages must be sent across different interfaces and between the many network elements involved in the transac ...

Vertical axis variable geometry wind energy collection system

Abstract:

Described is a system and method for assigning a frequency to an access point in a wireless network comprising a plurality of access points. The system and method includes accessing a rule-base to obtain a set of rules for the wireless network, accessing a license database to obtain information about relevant wireless nodes in a region, creating a list of possible primary node frequencies from a list of frequencies associated with primary wireless nodes in the license database, creating a list of possible secondary node frequencies from a list of frequencies associated with secondary wireless nodes in the license database, identifying a list of clear frequencies from a set of unused frequencies, selecting a frequency from frequencies in the lists of possible primary node frequencies, possible secondary node frequencies, and clear frequencies and registering the frequency in the license database.

Description:

BACKGROUND

The electromagnetic spectrum is a limited resource. In the United States, the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) is responsible for allocating the bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum. Specifically, the Communications Act of 1934 established the FCC and gave the FCC a broad grant of power to regulate spectrum “in the public interest.” The FCC is constantly working to ensure that the electromagnetic spectrum is allocated and assigned in a manner that minimizes or eliminates interference so that the American people receive the maximum benefits of wireless technologies and services.

A number of the frequency bands in the electromagnetic spectrum are assigned for unlicensed “open use” wherein multiple different broadcasters and receivers use the same frequency range for communication. The sharing is generally accomplished by limiting the broadcast power such that only receivers within a small area around a transmitter will be able to receive the broadcast. As long as ...

Model based wind turbine drive train vibration damper

Abstract:

A procedure for RACH initial access in a mobile terminal is provided such that necessary information is conveyed the for the initial access procedure with less overhead. The method allow an accurate choice of the uplink transport format by allowing the mobile terminal to determine by itself whether a certain transport format may be used for the transmission of a message prior to the first preamble transmission and prior to the power ramping.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a RACH initial access procedure in a UE, and particularly, to a method for conveying the information necessary for the initial access procedure with less overhead.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) is a 3rd Generation (3G) asynchronous mobile communication system operating in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based on European systems, global system for mobile communications (GSM) and general packet radio services (GPRS). The long-term evolution (LTE) of UMTS is under discussion by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) that standardized UMTS.

The 3GPP LTE is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3G LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating network structure of an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system (E-UMTS). The E-UMTS may be also referred to as an LTE system. The communication network is widely deployed to provide a variety of communication services such as voic ...

Method and apparatus for controlling cogeneration system

Abstract:

A method of facilitating Internet Protocol access by a mobile node to an access Network, the method comprising: sending an attachment request from the mobile node to an access router of the access network, the request containing a mobile node identifier and an Interface Identifier or means for deriving an Interface Identifier, and being signed by the mobile node to allow the message to be authenticated as originating at that mobile node; receiving the request at the access router and authenticating the message there using the signature, and in response to the receipt and authentication of the message, performing a predefined set of tasks delegated to the access node and which are required to facilitate said access; and returning an acknowledgment from the access router to the mobile node confirming the access permission, the acknowledgement containing a network routing prefix and means for authenticating the access router to the mobile node.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a fast network attachment mechanism for a mobile wireless network.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the context of a mobile wireless communication network, the term “attachment” refers to the procedure whereby a user device connects to a local wireless network (such as a wireless LAN access point) and is able to make use of at least some of the services offered by that network. In practice, this procedure involves multiple protocol layers relating, for example, to the identification of the correct radio frequencies, radio-layer negotiation to enable communications with the access point, network access authentication and authorization procedures, link layer security protection initiation, finding the routers and addresses at the IP layer, and reestablishing mobility mechanisms to a new IP address. Unfortunately, these tasks take time to complete, and the interaction and overall ef ...

Alignment key, method for fabricating the alignment key, and method for fabricating thin film transistor substrate using the alignment key

Abstract:

A mobile telephony switch may comprise several distinct software components, such as a wireless network control component, a data network access component, and a PSTN interface component. Software updates may be prepared and applied to each component individually. In accordance with the present invention software updates may be prepared and/or applied to the software components in parallel.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not applicable.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to updating software on wireless telephone switches. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods that improve the efficiency of updating the software on wireless switches by loading updates to different components of the switch in parallel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wireless switches are used to provide wireless voice and data services to wireless telephone and data customers. One wireless switch may connect to a large number of wireless antennas towers that communicate with customers" wireless devices. A wireless switch performs several important functions. First, the wireless switch manages hand-offs of a particular wireless device from one antenna tower to another. Second, the wireless switch routes calls to and from the traditional telephone network. Third, the wireless switch manages wireless data access for services such as email and Internet access. Each of these components has previously been updated individually, making applying updates a time consuming serial process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to updating at least some of the software components on a wireless switch substantially in parallel, thereby reducing the time and resources necessary to perform an update and reducing the negative im ...

Carrier wafer having alignment keys and supporting a chip

Abstract:

Systems, methods and interfaces are disclosed for managing communications associated with a mobile communication device. Mobile communication devices process environmental inputs and transmit mobile communication device context information to a communication management system. The context information may, for example, reflect the motion and/or geographic location of the mobile device, and may reflect the risk associated with using the device to handle a call or other communications session. The communication management system uses the context information, optionally in combination with communication device profiles, to determine how to manage incoming and/or ongoing calls or other communication sessions. Mobile device users may also be inhibited from initiating communication sessions.

Description:

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The disclosure relates generally to mobile communication devices and communication management systems and to systems, methods and interfaces for management of mobile communication devices utilizing communication profiles and mobile communication device contexts.

2. Description of the Related Art

Generally described, mobile communication devices, such as mobile phones, facilitate audio and data communications for users. In one aspect, users can utilize a mobile communication device for audio and data communication without reference to the particular environment in which they are attempting to utilize the mobile communication device. For example, a stationary user can utilize a mobile phone in an area in which use of the phone does not necessarily pose a safety issue to the user or other individuals in the nearby area. In another aspect, however, the particular environment surrounding the user and/or use of the mobile communication device in the particular environment can impact the use of the mobile communication device, the safety of the specific users, and/or ...

Semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract:

An apparatus and method for restricting access to data are provided. According to one aspect, an interface device for providing communications between a communications network and a device comprises an input, logic, and an output. The input receives data in a first format from the communications network. The logic receives a request from the device to access the data and determines whether the interface device is authorized to access the data. If the interface device is authorized to access the data, then the logic receives the data from the communications network. The logic then identifies a second format compatible with the device, translates the data to the second format, and transmits the translated data to the device.

Description:

This patent application is related to the following U.S. Patents and co-pending U.S. Patent Applications: U.S. Pat. No. 7,623,654, entitled “Systems and Methods for Interfacing Telephony Devices with Cellular and Computer Networks,” filed on Aug. 30, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 7,522,722, entitled “System and Method for Interfacing Plain Old Telephone System (POTS) Devices with Cellular Devices in Communication with a Cellular Network,” filed on Aug. 30, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 7,200,424, entitled “Systems and Methods for Restricting the Use and Movement of Telephony Devices,” filed on Aug. 30, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 7,623,653, entitled “Systems and Methods for Passing Through Alternative Network Device Features to Plain Old Telephone System (POTS) Devices,” filed on Aug. 30, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 7,363,034, entitled “Cellular Docking Station,” filed on Dec. 30, 2005; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/323,180, entitled “Apparatus, Method, and Computer-Readable Medium for Interfacing Communications Devices,” filed on Dec. 30, 2005; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/323,820, entitled “Apparatus, Method, and Computer-Readable Medium for Interfacing Devices with Commu ...

Semiconductor device and method of forming interconnect structure for encapsulated die having pre-applied protective layer

Abstract:

A wireless communication terminal includes a broadcast signal frequency converter that is communicatively coupled to the terminal"s communication signal receiver and is configured to use its communication receiver to process received broadcast signals. In an exemplary embodiment, the converter includes a frequency shifting circuit, e.g., a block frequency converter, that shifts broadcast signal bands into communication signal bands, such that received broadcast signals are shifted into a frequency range compatible with the communication receiver"s signal path. Moreover, the significant digital domain signal processing capability of the communication receiver can be used to receive broadcast television and/or radio signals, provide signal enhancements, and extract other types of information such as RDBS, IBOC, etc. Further, the terminal can be configured to maintain communication network monitoring while receiving broadcast signals by switching the receiver back to a communication network signal long enough to check for pages, etc.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to wireless communication devices, and particularly relates to receiving broadcast signals in such devices, such as broadcast radio and television signals.

Consumer expectations of ever-increasing performance and convenience coupled with simultaneous expectations of ever decreasing size and cost establish significant challenges for designers of portable devices. Nowhere are such pressures felt more keenly than in the arena of wireless communication device design.

Functional lines blur and product categories stretch with the continuous introduction of new portable wireless devices that merge multiple functions. Ready examples of such merged products come easily to mind. Personal Information Managers (PIMS) includes cellular radiotelephones or vice versa, handheld computers include wi ...

Copper alloy bonding wire for semiconductor device

Abstract:

Structurally simple transmit/receive circuits for hearing devices are to be able to be deployed for higher frequencies as well. It is therefore proposed according to the invention that at least two PIN diodes should be connected in an anti-parallel manner between the receive oscillating circuit and the amplifier connected thereto to protect the amplifier. A capacitance diode can optionally be expanded so that larger component tolerances can be permitted for the circuit.

Description:

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority of German application No. 10 2006 029 195.6 filed Jun. 26, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a transmit/receive circuit with a transmit/receive antenna for the inductive transmission of signals, a receive oscillating circuit, which is connected to the transmit/receive antenna, and an amplifier, which is connected to the receive oscillating circuit. In particular the present invention relates to a remote control for a hearing device with such a transmit/receive circuit.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The publication DE 103 04 479 B3 is known to be the closest prior art. This describes a device for transmitting and receiving data for remote controls for hearing devices. It shows how a combined transmit/receive unit can be realized with a single transmit/receive antenna, without overloading the downstream receiver. Standard silicon protective diodes are used here, which function well at low frequencies and comparatively high resonant capacitances, their blocking capacitance being negligible. These diodes are necessary in order to limit the voltage at the input of the receive circuit in the transmit instance. They are therefore essential for the combined transmit/receive circuit.

It is necessary also to be able to deal with higher bandwid ...

Integrated circuit package stacking system

Abstract:

Elimination of intermodulation interference in a wireless communication system by removing a portion of the spectrum of transmitted signals. According to a received indication of an occurrence of intermodulation interference experienced by a narrowband receiver, mappings are performed between the predetermined narrowband channel frequency on which the narrowband receiver operates and the occupied channel frequencies of at least one broadband transmit signal. Narrowband candidate frequency ranges that linearly combine into frequencies that overlap the predetermined narrowband channel frequency are determined based on the mappings. The narrowband candidate frequency ranges that potentially contribute to the intermodulation interference are then selectively filtered by at least one notch filter until the intermodulation interference is substantially eliminated.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention described herein relates to methods and apparatus for eliminating intermodulation interference in a wireless communication system.

2. Description of the Related Art

Wireless communication systems depend on electromagnetic waves at various radio frequencies to transmit and receive information. For communication systems such as cellular phones, pagers, and cordless mobile phone, the usable radio frequency spectrum extends from about 300 MHz to 3000 MHz. This spectrum of radio frequencies used for wireless communication is further divided into individual bands wherein each band contains a range of frequencies. Each range of frequencies may be used differently and perform different functions. Furthermore, the radio frequency spectrum is shared by civilian, government, and military users according to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) radio regulations. For example, among these frequency ranges, the one between 806 MHz to 809 MHz is assigned to ...

Semiconductor chip with post-passivation scheme formed over passivation layer

Abstract:

Aspects of a method and system for selective equalization enablement based on modulation type may be found in a method for processing a radio frequency (RF) signal that comprises receiving a Bluetooth signal via an RF channel, detecting a modulation type of the received Bluetooth signal, and selecting an equalization circuit for processing the received Bluetooth signal based on the detected modulation type. The method may also comprise determining a data rate based on the detected modulation type.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the invention relate to Bluetooth wireless communications. More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to a method and system for selective equalization enablement based on modulation type.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Bluetooth is a short range wireless communications capability that enables connection between consumer and computer equipment while eliminating wires. Equipment that is enabled to utilize Bluetooth technology may be referred to as Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth devices within a range of approximately 10 meters of each other may communicate utilizing a 2.4 gigahertz frequency band. Examples of Bluetooth devices may comprise personal digital assistants (PDA), headsets, telephones, home audio equipment, and computers. Capabilities enabled by Bluetooth technology may comprise eliminating cables linking computers to printers, keyboards, and mouse devices, making calls from a wireless headset connected via wireless link to a wired or wireless telephone, and the playing of audio from a portable MP3 player via a home audiovisual system with no wired connection between the MP3 player and the home audiovisual system.

Bluetooth is designed to enable a plurality of Bluetooth devices to operate in a personal area network (PAN) environment. The plurality of Bluetooth devices in an environment may comprise a netwo ...

Semiconductor package, method of fabricating the same, and semiconductor package mold

Abstract:

An image forming apparatus includes: an image transfer unit that transfers an image to continuous paper provided with a plurality of sprocket holes along a paper length direction on both sides in a paper width direction; an image fixing unit that fixes the image transported to the continuous paper by the image transfer unit; a transport unit that includes a plurality of protruding parts inserted into the sprocket holes on both sides in the paper width direction, that is placed downstream in a paper transport direction from the image fixing unit for moving the protruding parts in the paper transport direction, and that transports the continuous paper; a change unit that changes the spacing between the protruding parts in the paper width direction; and a control unit that controls drive of the change unit.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-065096 filed Mar. 14, 2007.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

This invention relates to an image forming apparatus and an image forming method.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present invention, an image forming apparatus including: an image transfer unit that transfers an image to continuous paper provided with a plurality of sprocket holes along a paper length direction on both sides in a paper width direction; an image fixing unit that fixes the image transported to the continuous paper by the image transfer unit; a transport unit that includes a plurality of protruding parts inserted into the sprocket holes on both sides in the paper width direction, that is placed downstream in a paper transport direction from the image fixing unit for moving the protruding parts in the paper transport direction, and that transports the continuous paper;

a change unit that changes the spacing between the protru ...

Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract:

A developing device is disclosed that is capable of preventing the hysteresis phenomenon, and which contains a toner and a carrier. The toner and the carrier are charged to different polarities by frictional contact thereof. The developing device has a first conveyance member and a second conveyance member which faces an electrostatic latent image bearing body via the second region. An electric field forming device forms a first electric field between the first conveyance member and the second conveyance member to move the toner in the developer retained by the first conveyance member to the second conveyance member, and forms a second electric field between the second conveyance member and the electrostatic latent image bearing body to move the toner retained by the second conveyance member to an electrostatic latent image of the electrostatic latent image bearing body.

Description:

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-67223, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and a developing device used for the image forming apparatus

As a development method adopted for the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a monocomponent development method using only a toner as a main component of developer, and a two-component development method using a toner and a carrier as main components of developer are known.

The developing device of the monocomponent development method has a toner bearing member which bears and conveys a toner and a friction charge member which comes into contact with the toner bearing face of the toner bearing member. Upon passing through a contact position with the friction charge member, the toner borne by the toner bearing member comes into frictional contact with the friction charge mem ...

Semiconductor device having wiring line and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract:

An image forming apparatus includes an image transfer unit that transfers a reversed image onto an image bearing member as a toner image, a secondary transfer roller that transfers the toner image onto a recording medium, a contact and separation unit that brings the secondary transfer roller into contact with and separates the secondary transfer roller from the image bearing member, a secondary-transfer-roller housing unit that houses the secondary transfer roller, a lubricant applying brush that applies a lubricant thereto, a lubricant-applying-brush housing unit that houses the lubricant applying brush and is configured to be movable along a groove, and an lifting and lowering member that lifts and lowers the lubricant-applying-brush housing unit, wherein the secondary transfer roller and the lubricant applying brush come into contact with and separate from each other in response to a contact and separation operation of the secondary transfer roller and the image bearing member.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus including, in a secondary transfer unit having a mechanism for bringing a secondary transfer roller into contact with and separating the secondary transfer roller from an image bearing member, a mechanism for further bringing the secondary transfer roller into contact with and separating the secondary transfer roller from a fur brush and an image forming method therefor.

2. Description of the Related Art

A transfer device includes a contact and separation mechanism for bringing a secondary transfer roller into contact with an image bearing member when the transfer device transfers a toner image formed on the image bearing member onto a sheet and separating the secondary transfer roller from the image bearing member when the transfer device does not transfer the toner image onto th ...

Post passivation interconnection schemes on top of IC chip

Abstract:

An image forming apparatus includes a body frame defining an opening configured to receive a cartridge installed in an installation direction, and a power supply terminal disposed on the body frame. The power supply terminal can be configured to supply power to an installed cartridge by making contact with a power supplied portion disposed in the cartridge The power supply terminal may include a main body protruding from the body frame toward the opening and extending from an upstream side, with respect to the installation direction, toward a downstream side, and an engaging portion disposed upstream from the main body in the installation direction and protruding in a direction orthogonal to the installation direction. The engaging portion may be configured to engage the body frame.

Description:

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-044630, filed on Feb. 26, 2008, the entire subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

Aspects of the invention relate to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus to which a process cartridge is detachably attached.

BACKGROUND

A known process cartridge installed in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus contains consumables such as developer, e.g. toner. The process cartridge is detachably attached to an apparatus body such as a body frame for replacement and refill of the consumables.

Thus, electronic components such as a photosensitive drum, which are held in the process cartridge, are supplied with electric power via a power supply terminal disposed at the body frame. The power supply terminal is elastic and changes its position when the process cartridge is attached to or removed from the body frame.

The power supply terminal includes a terminal main body extending from an upstream side to a downstream side with respe ...

Semiconductor device with dual damascene wirings and method for manufacturing same

Abstract:

An image forming apparatus including cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) developing units using a C developer, a M developer, a Y developer, and a K developer, respectively; at least one auxiliary developing unit using a developer other than the C, M, Y, and K developers; a plurality of photosensitive media formed in the C, M, Y, and K developing units and the auxiliary developing unit, respectively; a plurality of cleaning members formed in the C, M, Y, and K developing units and the auxiliary developing unit, respectively, so as to clean surfaces of the plurality of photosensitive media; and waste developer storage units formed in the C, M, Y, and K developing units and the auxiliary developing unit, respectively, so as to collect waste developer cleaned by the plurality of cleaning members. The developer storage unit and waste developer storage unit of at least one of the C, M, Y, and K developing units, in which there is a large amount of developer consumed and a large amount of waste developer generated, are larger than the developer storage unit and waste developer storage unit of the auxiliary developing unit.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. В§119(a) from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2008-0088826, filed on Sep. 9, 2008, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present general inventive concept relates to an image forming apparatus to form images using yellow, magenta, cyan, and black (respectively referred to hereinbelow as “Y,” “M,” “C,” and “K”) developers, and light color developers, a white developer, or a transparent developer.

2. Description of the Related Art

As digital technology develops, high-quality electrophotographic image formin ...

Semiconductor device

Abstract:

The present invention relates to the communication or reproduction of sound, in particular audible sound. There is provided a method of communicating a sound, including the steps of: transmitting, onto an optical link, pairs of signal copies, the signal copies of a given pair having a time offset relative to one another; applying the audible sound to the optical link, such that the audible sound causes a phase modulation to the transmitted signal copies; receiving modulated signal copies previously transmitted onto the link; and, for received pairs of signal copies, causing one signal copy of a pair to mix with the other signal copy of that pair so as to produce a signal representative of the sound. The sound is an audible sound. It has been found that a delay of at least 75 micro seconds allows for a better reproduction of audio sounds, since these have a relatively low frequency content.

Description:

This application is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/GB2006/001325 filed 12 Apr. 2006 which designated the U.S. and claims priority to GB 05252307.3 filed 14 Apr. 2005, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to the communication or reproduction of sound, in particular audible sound.

Audible sound, that is, sound that is audible to the human ear (and also known as audio), is normally within the frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Speech is normally accepted to be in the range 500 Hz to 5 kHz. However, in telephony networks arranged to carry speech, the frequency range within which speech signals are carried is typically 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz.

It is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,459,486B1 to modulate information onto an optical link, where the modulation is achieved through a physical disturbance of the link. In this document, a system is disclosed in which signal copies are transmitted onto a link wit ...

Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing semiconductor device

Abstract:

The present invention discloses methods for reducing power consumption in a PON while maintaining service continuity, the method including the steps of: providing an OLT operationally connected to at least one ONU; triggering a sleep request for at least one requesting ONU; upon receiving a sleep acknowledgement, activating a sleep mode for at least one requesting ONU according to a sleep period designated in the sleep request; and terminating the sleep mode according to the sleep period. Preferably, the sleep acknowledgement is transmitted from the OLT to the requesting ONU. Preferably, the sleep period is executed by a sleep command in the sleep acknowledgement. Preferably, the method further includes the step of: upon completion of the sleep period, transmitting buffered data traffic from the OLT to a sleeping ONU. Preferably, the step of transmitting is performed without the sleeping ONU being re-registered and without causing packet reordering.

Description:

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods and devices for reducing power consumption in a passive optical network (PON) while maintaining service continuity.

Fiber access networks (e.g. Ethernet PON-EPON and gigabit PON-GPON) provide continuous operation for allowing ultra-high-speed communication. During network operation, the optics are always powered on, the media access control (MAC) unit is clocked, and the MAC logic is being toggled. The power consumption varies only slightly with respect to the actual consumed bandwidth.

Reducing power consumption is fiber access networks is a growing concern due to fiber installations that use batteries for powering optical-network units (ONUs) during a power outage. Reducing the power consumption enables both a smaller and less-costly battery and a longer “battery-backup” time. Furthermore, due to concerns over global warming, improving the power c ...

Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract:

An optical receiver including a demodulator to convert an in-phase signal of a received differential phase modulated optical signal into a first electrical signal, and to convert a quadrature signal of the received differential phase modulated optical signal into a second electrical signal; a decision member deciding logic states of the first and second electrical signals; a logic controller using the decision result of the decision member to control logic states of the first and second electrical signals; and a memory storing information relating to the decision result. The logic controller controls the logic state using the information relating to the decision result stored in the memory.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an optical receiver, optical communication device, and optical signal receiving method for demodulation of an optical signal modulated by a differential phase modulation method.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

In order to handle rapidly increasing demand for data communication on data communication systems in recent years as represented by the Internet and the like, optical communication systems have been investigated which apply the intensity modulation-differential quadrature phase shift keying method (IM-DQPSK).

The conventional optical communication system comprises an optical transmission device for signal transmission of an optical signal modulated by the IM-DQPSK format and an optical receiver for demodulation of the received optical signal modulated by the IM-DQPSK format.

The phase modulator of the optical transmission device splits continuous light output from a light source and performs phase modulation using a phase modulator A and a phase modulator B. The DQPSK format modulation is performed by a ПЂ/2 phase shift of the optical signal phase modulated by the phase modulator B by ПЂ/2 or в€’ПЂ/2.

An inten ...

Integrated circuit chips with fine-line metal and over-passivation metal

Abstract:

A light weight camera mounting assembly allowing for tilt and pan of a camera through a significant portion of a spherical rang of view with minimal parts count, minimal weight and minimal weight in the rotated portion of the assembly. A retraction/extension assembly for a light weight camera with minimal weight and complexity. Doors which open to allow a camera to extend beyond the surface of a vehicle and close to protect the camera and allow for landing of the vehicle without external skids.

Description:

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to mounting assemblies for small, lightweight cameras. More specifically, the present invention relates to movable mounting assemblies allowing pan and tilt of small lightweight cameras.

SUMMARY

A miniaturized, light weight, turret-mounted camera assembly is disclosed. The assembly can be stationarily mounted, can be mounted on a ground based or water based vehicle or can be mounted on a lightweight remote-controlled aerial vehicle. The features of the configuration of the present invention make it particularly advantageous in light-weight and/or small space applications, such small ariel vehicles or light weight ground or water applications.

The present invention has a remote-feedback, servo-operated pan function and a control-cable-linked tilt function, the combination of which results in simplified movement of the camera and a smaller moving mass of components within the turret.

The pan function comprises a rotating, vertically oriented, U-shaped camera yoke which is chain (or other positive drive means, such as toothed belt) driven by a servomechanism. The position feedback potentiometer has been removed from the servo drive and relocated for reuse. The pot is connected to the yoke in a manner that permits the pot to feedback the horizontal angle of the yoke, and thus the camera"s pan position (rather than the position of the s ...

Electronic component formed with barrier-seed layer on base material