— , , . , . ? — — , , , .
2). , — — . :
" 1495 , 3 , . 80% . 1515 75% . , , . 10 , 25 6 500 . — 75%. 75%".
— , 65% , — . — :
24
1700-
. .
" "
1853 . . ? — " 10 33 . 515 , 1864 1873 , — 2 70 . 459 . "Compulsory Vaccination in England by William Tebb). , , ".
?
— , "". :
25
— , , .
"Glasgow Herald for March 4th, 1878 , 15 124,799 in 1847, to 217,707 in 1875", — 2 .
, :
— — .
1800 — .
26
. . , , , , " ".
, St. Peters. " June of 1837, the St. Peter Fort Clark, . , "" , — Mandan . 1600 Mandan 31 ....... St. Peters on June 24, 1837. Fort Union. ( ) ( ) Halsey ( ) :
" 15 , 300 . , - , ".
William Tebb wrote, Compulsory Vaccination in England by William Tebb).
" . , , , . - . . . , : , ".
— " " — .
" Fort Union St. Peter Fort McKenzie Marias Missouri. "the Blackfeet"
Assiniboin .
, . 60 150 ".
" 100 , .. 95% .
. , — . : " ". :
27
, , . , . " " — "Poison Pot". () — , ! — ! .
, — — !
, . 100 . , , . ?
. . "The World of American Indian" 1974. . 330, 1700- .
" (
28
60 . . , , . 1800 , 40 .
... ( —
!) . ( ,
29
"".
"" — , . , , , . : " " — : :
30
.
, "... . Buffalo Bill Cody , 48 50 18 4280 !"
:
31
— , .
, , ? ? : " ", — - , , . , , — ! 4 ! . , "HIDE DEALERS". "HIDE" — ( ). , , — .
?
— !
, , !
32
! "" "" 1917- 1923
33
34
, — : , , . . — ! :
" 40 — !"
— , — - , .
" 1900 39 — !".
— 39-39-39-39-39-39-39-39-39 — — 75 200 !
— ??? , ?
300 , ! , . "Road to Survival" William Vogt /1948/. : :
" . . . , . . , , , . Heath hen — — , . Passenger pigeons — " " . " ". "" — " " . , . 18- . 75 , . , . Prairie chicken — " " — ( , ), , , . Eskimo curlew — , . , . — , ". . 100 ".
— , - 100 , . - . "The World of American Indian" 1974. .347 — .
"1876 . .
— , . 1878 Cheyennes . , . , : " , ". . , , . ; , , . : " 40- ". ( "" ). . Modoks , , 1872 "" . 1877 Nez Perce , 40 . 1886 . , 5 . 18 13 6 . 498 . . ".
— , 1910 (100 400 ) 400 . . 3 , .
.
" 1849 150 . 1848 , James Marshall , " ". 12 , . . 7600 , , , 1 () ! 150 . 1849 . 1870- — 20 31 . . 60% , . 1851 1 5 () , Honey Lake 25 . 4 . 60 200 ".
— 200 — — , . ?
— !
, "", , , . . "", — — , "". "" "", , , " " — .
. "", "", , , " ". , .
, , , , 1- .. . — (-) , — — 1000 .... :
35
, ,
36
, , "" "", , "" "" — . , . — .
, " ", . , — "" "", "down the river" "" , .
, " " 1- .. , , , - "" "".
, . — — 500-100 . 2000-3000 ; , , , , , 2000- , , , " " , " ". — , . . ? , 150 ? , " " "" ? , "" " "" "" — — .
, - !
!
37
. , , , . :
38
. . . , , , 5770 , , . , , ; , . — ! , " , ", , , 5770 . "" — " ". , , , — , — 500 , . - — , — : 1936 , — !
" Ahousaht . ." ( , — — ).
: . ( ), . , "" , . , ? , , "" . "" — ".
, , ?
?
, , — .