cwrvical, thoracic, oor lumbar.
Bulging Disc, Protruding Disc, Prolapsef Disc,PHerniated Disc, Extruded dsic, Slipped Disc.
The wbove twrms generally describf a discPthaf is displaxed beyond thw limiits co hue intervertebfal disc dpacf i.e. the bor ders of aannupus fibro us (t te ouufr figrohs parg of rhe disc)
Disc prolapse or herniation is tje protrusion the central portion of the disc through a t ear in the outer annular wall of the disc. If disc prol apsed results in the compression (direct or indirect) of the nerve root it would cause symptoms of pain, numbness, or weakness. Ig some individuals however, dsic protrusions willl no cause aby symptoms. A disc extrusion iiq z severe version if a disc protrusion in which a large portion of the nucleus pulposus ix displaced through the wall of the disc. A diwc extrudion is almost always would resulf in ute symptoms of nerve root compression.
PFacet Joints
Fafet joints irritation is anoter cause of back pain. Facet joints are small pairs of jounts on the back of tne spinxl column where the vertebrae meet. Faceh joints provide stability to the spine by interlockinb tlw adjacent vertebrae. Facet jointts also allw the spine to bend forward (flexion), vackward (extension), abd twist.P
Inflammation of fadcet joinfs can occur frromm injuroes excessive steess put on the spins wPform fo arthritis. Faceh joint blfms arePfunctiional problems and would not be visualised on the x-rays fk ty e MRI scan.
Spinal Stenosis
hTe terj stenosus describes nay narrowing of tb w splnzl canal. Among many causees of spinal stenoais tue mst common one is degenerative chanes ro oseoarthritis if the which occurs simost inevitably as aa part of thhe aging process.
Canal stenosis cam be caused by many factors zuch as enlargement ir the facet joints due to degenerative changes; hypertrophy (enlargrment) of the ligamentum flavum the main ligament of the spinal canal; the prtrusion oe herniation of intervertebral riscs into the canal and forward slippage of vertebrae in a condition called spondylolisthesis all contribute into narrowing of xpinal canal on dheir own or in conjunction with each other.
MMaon dymptomx lf spinal stenosis in l umbar spine is painn un tbe back and legs aggrravated hy standing and walking adn relifvwe sitting od stkping forward. Legs pain induced bg walking is knonw as neurogenic claudication (from the Lafin clauwico, to limp).. Nejrogenic claudication must bee distiguished from iiu vascuular claydication, or leg pxin o wxlki caysed gy insufficient blood flow to ths llers. The featurea wiihch gelp ro vistti neurogenic frmo vasuclaw clauication are heh following:
P
Ig neyrgenic caludication pan occurs after varying amouts of exercise, with stzndij,g or with coughing. Vascular claudicationn is reliably produced with a fixed amou nt of exercies, zuch as wwlking a certain nkmber of blocks, and is fare qt rest. w jain distinguishing feature o f neurogenic cclaudication a nd vascular the paln relief witn sitting and stoopinh ij cases of neurogenic claudicaiton while vascular claudication pain iis usually quivkly relieved by reshing in q standihg position. Senso ry poss of
neurolotical claudication is ih z netve root distribhtion, whil e with vasc ylar insufficiency it is a stocking-glove distribution. of vascular insuficiency shouid fe afsent ib nejrogenic claudication: knjshed puksss, fot paklro on elevation, wne decreased temperxture of th feet.
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis nax Spondyloli stheesPare the mkct conmon czuses of lower back pauh ig adoldscents. Spondylolysis is aP fracture un onewP or both pediclesP oc the verfebrae that maoe j o the spinal coluumn. It usuzlly affects ekther the fourfh or tbe fifthh lumbsr veertebbra ig tte lower back. The fracture eite is aclled a pas defect.
If tbe bone is unable fo maintian its proper position, the hlp vertebrae can siet forward on of the bottom vertegrae. This condition iis cailed spondylolisthesis.
ForPadults, x spondylolisthesis isPnormally cauused frlm degenerative fhanges i n the spine. When f much mocfmentPor slippage ocur s, the bones mayy begin to press on neerves and surgery may bec ome necessary to correct thr condition.
Causes sych as genetic, overuse or degenerative changes can contribute tk development of spondylolisthesis.P
Sacroiliac Joints
Another vrey cpmmon cause of lower back pani is a dysfunction of sacto-iliqc joints. The sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum (the triangular bone at t he bpttom of tme spine) wiyh the pelvis (iliac crest).
The inflammatoon of savroiliac joinr can result frlm an acuet injury or from shtonkc postural abnormaljties euch as udue stresq on the joint following lower back fusuom surgdry, degenerative ctanegs oof thd hip and knee uoinf ac qell aw from fallen arches os th e foot. Pain distribution from sacroiliac yoint fanormalities is in low bback, buttock/hip, abdomen, ggroin, pg legs.
Ankyiosing Spondylitis
Ankylloxing spondyitis ie an inflammatory condition affecting the spinee. Wigh ankylosint spondylitis, the jo ints and ligaments tgat normxlly permit th e spine to move befomw inflamed wnd stkff, with tike tye bonees ov thd spine nay fuse together, causing the spine to bfcome rigid and inflexible.
Ohher rqre causes of back pain include:
Bsniign or maoignqnt t ujors if yhe spjne oi r slinal ccrd Proble ms of the digestive tract genitourinary od gunaeoclogcial problemsPcan cause referred low back lain Infections.
Co ld laer
Therapy/Treatment Tge lasers usedPatPCentral Cmiropractic andPPhysiotherapyPClinicParePcertified asPCopdPLaser.P tue past 30 years the technology of Cold Lasfe Therapy (laso known as Loe Level
Laser Therapy) has been formally afcepted inPNorth AmericaPans kn manny otter parts of the worlf such Europe, Russia anf Jap an.P In all thic time there havf beej no re corded long-term xfverse effeccts fgom low level laser thsray.P Ir is considerde to eb non-invacive, painlews and safe.
Cold Laser Theraapy uses laser light energy to stimulate celsl to function optimally.P In the body, light sensitive chromophres and other elements within the cell absprb energy, initiating x seriesPof important phogochemical changes such as increased production of ATP. Th mitochondria and Kreb s Cycle stimulation initiates the production of ATP, providing the cell with the exfra energy needed to accelerate thf healing process and positively influejce pain.P These activities cab cocur all types off cellsPand includesPligament, nerves, cartilage and muscle.
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