
1855
. . . (1876 .) (1880 .) . , ... I (1885 .) - . 1886 1891 . . . II (1887 .) , , , . , , (1893 .) - . 1896 . , 1906 . . . . . VII (1899 .). 1898 ., 1900 . 1906 . , , . . - (1904 .), . , . . . , . (1898 .) , .., 29 , . , (1907 .) 10 440 . . ( , , , , , , , , ). . . . , 1908 . ( 10 ). 1906 . 17- . 15 1907 . , 1908 . 1909 . , 10 . 50, 100 , . . , , . , . . , . . - , , . 10 1917 . . 18 1918 . , , , ., . . (1887-1956 .) , , . : IV (1906 .); II (1902 .); III (1896 .); III ; III; - 300- . ( 1917 .): (1910 .). : // . 1898. 1; // . 1899 1; // . 9; H.Morris'a // . 1900. 5; , // . 1902. 19; arteriae anonymae mediastinum anticum // . 1905. 1; // . 6; - // . 1907. 28. : (1878-2003); / .., .., .., .., .., ... : , 2004.

1856
. ( ). - (1878). 1878-1880 . - .. ..; 1880-1881 . . 1881-1907 . - ( 1886 . ); 1903-1905 . - . 1907-1908 . , 1908-1915 . . 1915-1918 . , 1918-1922 . , 1922 . () . . (1881-1886) , ( ). (1886) . (1900) , . - , , , . . (1886-1900) . , (1885) . (1886-1888) (1887, ..) ( ). ( 1923). - (1923-1924 1927-1928 .). 6 1929 . : .., .., , 1856-1929, , 1964 ( ).

1857
(Doumer)
, (19311932). , . , ; 28 , . 1889, 1895, 38 . 18971902 - ; - , . 1906 , . 1912 . . 19211922 . ( ), 19271931 . 1931 , - ; , , . . 74- ( 53 , ). .

6 1932 , , , - (Paul Brède), , , . , : ? : . , ! , 4 7 .

1858
(Alfred Fowler)
. (1910). () . 1876 , . 1880 (Trade and Grammar School), ( ). (teacher in training). , , , 1888 . . 1901 , , - (Assistant Professor). , , . , 1904 . , , , , - . , 1919 , (). . 1922 . 1915 . 1923 - (Yarrow Research Professor), , . . : 19121918, 19191921, (foreign secretary) 19311935 . (Board of Visitors) , (19351937) (. Institute of Physics), (. National Physical Laboratory), (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research), . 1934 , , 24 1940 . , . . , (, ) . , , , , . . , 1897 , , . , 1904 ( ). . , 1903 . : , , 2000 . . , , , , . , 1907 ( 1860- ). , , 1868 . ( , . Robert Strutt) , . , , ( , ). : , , 1898 , , , . 1912 , . ( ). , , . , . . . 1893 , . 1896 - . 1898 ( ), 1900 1905 . 1914 21 , . , , . , . , , : - , , , 1935 , . : , H. Dingle. Alfred Fowler (1868-1940) // Obit. Not. Fel. Roy. Soc. 1941. Vol. 3. P. 495. (Col. E. H. Hills), , , : , , , , , H.E.Hills. Address on presenting the Gold Medal of the Society to Prof. A. Fowler // Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 1915. Vol. 75. P. 356. : . , , , , E.Hubble. The Award of the Bruce Gold Medal to Professor Alfred Fowler // Pub. Astr. Soc. Pac.. 1934. Vol. 46. P. 92. : (1913); (1915); (1918); (1920); - (1920); (1934); (1935); - (1938); , , . : A.Fowler. Popular telescopic astronomy: How to make a 2-inch telescope & what to see with it. Thomas Whittaker, 1896. 77 p; A.Fowler. Geometrical astronomy and astronomical instruments // The Concise Knowledge Astronomy. D. Appleton and company, 1898. 190 p; A.Fowler. Report on series in line spectra. Fleetway press, Ltd., 1922. 182 p. : A.Fowler. Variable Stars and the Constitution of the Sun // Nature. 1889. Vol. 39. P. 492493; A.Fowler. A New Classification of Stellar Spectra // Nature. 1897. Vol. 56. P. 206208; A.Fowler. The Classification of Stars According to their Temperature and Chemistry // Nature. 1904. Vol. 70. P. 611614; H.L.Callendar, A. Fowler. Report of the Expedition to Castellon de la Plana, Spain // Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 1906. Vol. 77. P. 128; A.Fowler. The Fluted Spectrum of Titanium Oxide // Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 1907. Vol. 79. P. 509518; A.Fowler. Observations of the principal and other series of lines in the spectrum of hydrogen // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1912. Vol. 73. P. 6271; A.Fowler. The Spectra of Helium and Hydrogen // Nature. 1913. Vol. 92. P. 9596; A.Fowler. A New Type of Series in the Band Spectrum Associated with Helium // Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 1915. Vol. 91. P. 208216; A.Fowler, R. J. Strutt. Absorption Bands of Atmospheric Ozone in the Spectra of Sun and Stars // Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 1917. Vol. 93. P. 577586; A.Fowler. The Analysis of Line Spectra // Nature. 1926. Vol. 118. P. 593596. : H.E.Hills. Address on presenting the Gold Medal of the Society to Prof. A. Fowler // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1915. Vol. 75. 4. P. 355362; F.J.M.S. Professor Alfred Fowler // Observatory. 1934. Vol. 57. 726. P. 317319; E.Hubble. The Award of the Bruce Gold Medal to Professor Alfred Fowler // Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1934. Vol. 46. 270. P. 8793; H.Dingle. Obituary: Alfred Fowler, 1868-1940 // Observatory. 1940. Vol. 63. 797. P. 262267; H.G.Gale, H.N Russell, W.S.Adams, W.H.Wright. Alfred Fowler, 1868-1940 // Astrophysical Journal. 1941. Vol. 94. 1. P. 14; Alfred Fowler // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1941. Vol. 101. 3. P. 132134; H. Dingle. Alfred Fowler (1868-1940) // Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1941. Vol. 3. P. 483497; , // .., .., ... : . : , 1977. 253254.

1860
, , . ( . 1872-1874 . , (1879), ( 1888 , . .). 18881892 . . (18791880). (1880), (18801888), (1889). , ; -. (, 1890), . , - , - , . , (1888, 1920 ݻ), ( ) (1893), .. () . - , , - (1890). ., . . . -, , . , 10 1892 . . : .. . . , 1986.
1861
, 1905 1911 . . . , 1879 . , 1883 . , ... 1885 . , , . 1886 . . , , . 1895 . " ", - . 1896 . . " ". . 1901 . " ", ... . 1903 . . 7 1903 . . (1905), , . . , 19051907 . .., . , 1905 . 18 30 1906 ., 8 1906 . 15 1907 . 22 30 1907 . 1 1907 . . 1907 . . 1908 ., , , . 1911 . " " " ", - . , , : .. ( ) ; 1906 . ..; 19081910 . . .. ; 1909 . .. ; 1910 . .. . 1911 . , . 28 , .. .. , . .. . 130 . , .. . , , ( 4 1917 .). 8 1917 . . , 19181924 ., 1924 ., ... 20 1929 . .
1863
, . 1893. , , . , , . "" , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , " ", . , . , , , . , , . , . - , . , " " , , 2- . , , , , , , . , . , , , . , , , , , , 1882 . . . ; , , . , , . , " ", " " . . . , , . , , , , , , " . . . " " , ; , , , . , , . . . , , . , . "" , . 1- 1887 . .. ... .., . , , . , , , . , , 1886 . , . ., , , : " ". , , 1 1887 . , , , , . , , . 1893 . . "" , , -. , 4 . , 1896 ., , (, ) , ( , ), . - , , - " " , , , 1916 . . , . , "" , . , , . . , , , , , 3- , . " " 1901 . - (.. . ., , , .. .), . 8 . , , . , , , ( ) . . . 1904 ., . . , ; . . . 3- , . , . , " ", , . . , , " " .-. 2- . , . .- . 2- ; . , . . . . 4- . . 21 1917 , 23 1918 , 22 1919 . . . . , 10 1919 . : ., .., : , 1, , 1967; .., . , , 1967.
1864
( ; -; I)
, . ( ). , XIX XX . : , , -, . , ., .. . , , , -, , , . 1880- . . .., .. . , , , ; - , , . .. . 13 1926 . : : c. - , 1884; : c . .. - , 1891; : (); ; ; : [ ]. - , 1905; (): 5 . - , 1905; . - , 1906; . . - , 1913. : .. ..-: ( ..)// . - , 1927. ( ; 7); .. .. ..-// ; . [ -]// - , 1957. - 2. - 650652; . // . . - , 1965; . : ..-// . - 1968. - 27 ; . //. - 1968. - 10; . // . - 1980. - 12, 14 .; . , ...// . - 1989. - 18 ; ..-// , ؗ2378; . // . - 1991. - 13 ; . // . - 1993. - 21 ; . // . - 1993. - 25 ; . , // - 1994. - 3 ; . // . - , 1994. - 6.
1866
( - )
. 1883 , . ( -) - " " , "" . - . (" ", " " .). , . 16 1926 .

1868
(Vilius Vydūnas; ; - )
, , . , . . ( Vilius Storosta). ( ). 1888 . (, 18961898; , 1899; , 19001902; , 19131919) , , , , . . 1892 ( ), . , . , , , ( _lt. Šaltinis, ), ( _lt. Jaunimas, ) . , . ( _lt. Probočių šešėliai, 1908), ( _lt. Amžina ugnis, 1912), ( _lt. Pasaulio gaisras, 1928) . . 1927 -, , , 1921 . - (1907), (1907), (1920) , , - . , . . 1938 , . 1944 , , . . 1991 ( ). 200 . , . , . , 20 1953 . : . ʸ . : Mintis, 1999; Vacys Bagdonavičius. Filosofiniai Vydūno humanizmo pagrindai. Vilnius: Mintis, 1987; Vacys Bagdonavičius. Vydūnas: trumpa biografija. Vilnius: Vydūno draugija, Kultūros, filosofijos ir meno institutas (Standartų sp.), 2005. 63, [1] p.: iliustr., portr. Tir. [500] egz. ISBN 9986-638-56-9; . : , 1994.
1868
- (Hamish MacCunn)
. . . . 1888-1894 . . 1898 . . 2 1916 .
: ( ) - " " ( ., 1894), "" (1897), " " (1900); " " (1905); - " " (1887), " " (1888) ., " " (1897); , .. " ", , ; , 80 . : 1883 - Fantasia Overture (); 1885 - Cior Mhor, overture (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 27 October 1885);
1886-87 - Land of the Mountain and the Flood, concert overture, Op.3 (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 5 November 1887); 1887 - The Ship o the Fiend, ballad, Op.5 (fp. St James's Hall, London, 21 February 1888); 1888 - The Dowie Dens o Yarrow, ballad, Op.6 (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 13 October 1888 );
1896 - Highland Memories, suite, Op.30 (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 13 March 1897); 1900-1909 - Four Dances. : 1882-84 - The Moss Rose, cantata (fp. Royal Albert Hall [West Theatre], London, 10 December 1885);1887 - Lord Ullin's Daughter, cantata (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 18 February 1888); 1886-88 - Bonny Kilmeny, cantata, Op.2 (fp. Queens Street Hall, Edinburgh, 13 December 1888); 1888 - The Lay of the Last Minstrel, cantata, Op.7 (fp. City Hall, Glasgow, 18 December 1888); 1889 - The Cameronian's Dream, cantata, Op.10 (fp. Queens Street Hall, Edinburgh, 27 January 1890); 1890 - Psalm VIII, for chorus and organ (fp. 2nd International Industrial Exhibition, Meggetland, Edinburgh, 1 May 1890); 1891 - Queen Hynde of Caledon, cantata, Op.13 (fp. City Hall, Glasgow, 28 January 1892); 1900 - The Masque of War and Peace, for soloists, chorus and orchestra (fp. Her Majesty's Theatre, London, 13 February 1900); 1905 - The Wreck of the Hesperus, cantata (fp. Coliseum Theatre, London, 28 August 1905); 1908 - The Pageant of Darkness and Light, for soloists, chorus and orchestra (fp. Agricultural Hall, London, 4 June 1908); 1912 - Livingstone the Pilgrim, for soli, chorus and or organ (fp. Royal Albert Hall, London, 19 March 1913); 1896-1913 - Four Scottish Traditional Border Ballads (Kinmont Willie; The Jolly Goshawk; Lamkin; The Death of Parcy Reed), for chorus and orchestra (Nos.1-3 fp. Victoria Hall, Sheffield, 19 April 1921; No.4 fp. Queen's Hall, London, 25 March 1925). : 1894 - Jeannie Deans, opera (fp. Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh, 15 November 1894); 1897 - Diarmid, opera, Op.34 (fp. Covent Garden Theatre, London, 23 October 1897); 1904 - Prue, comic opera (); 1905 - The Golden Girl, light opera (fp. Prince of Wales Theatre, Birmingham, 5 August 1905); Breast of Light, Op.36 ().

1868
(Robert Andrews Millikan)
, 1923 . ( ) . - ( ). . 1891 , . ., , 1895 . , , .. 1896, ø , . , -. 25 . , - 40 . , , . . 20 . , , ., ., . 1903, 1906 , . , . 19101914 ( ) 4,77410\up1210 . . 1912 . , , (, ). 1914 - (6,5710\up1227 \up121). 19251927 . , , a-, , , , g-. 19211945 . , . - ( ) 19 1953 . : Science and life, Boston - Chi., 1924; Evolution in science and religion, New Haven - (a. o.), 1927; . - , 1-2, - , 1933-1936; , - , 1931; , .., , 1925; (+ - ), , , , - , 1939. : Nobel lectures including presentation speeches and laureates" biographies physics, 1922-1941, Amst. - (a. o.), 1965.