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, Windows API

, 13 2010 . 23:10 () +
Access Control
Active Accessibility
Active Directory
Active Directory Services Interface (ADSI)
Active Server Pages (ASP)
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)
Authorization Manager
Automation
Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS)
Bluetooth
CDO
Certificate Enrollment Control
Certificate Services
Collaboration Data Objects
COM
COM+
Common Controls
Cryptography
Debugging and Error Handling
Device I/O
Distributed File System (Dfs)
DLLs, Processes, and Threads
Domain Name System (DNS)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Extensible Markup Language (XML) MSXML
Fax Service
Group Policy
HTTP
ICS ICF
Image Color Management (ICM)
Image Mastering API (IMAPI)
Indexing Service
Infrared Data Association (IrDa)
Internet Authentication Service (IAS)
Internet Connection Sharing and Firewall (ICSF)
Internet Explorer
Internet Information Services (IIS)
Internet Protocol Helper (IP Helper)
Interprocess Communications
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
LSA Authentication
LSA Policy
Memory Management
Message Queuing (MSMQ)
Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI)
Microsoft .NET Passport
Microsoft Agent
Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC)
Microsoft Interface Definition Language (MIDL)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS)
Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP)
Multicast Group Manager
National Language Support
NetMeeting
NetShell
Network Load Balancing Provider
Network Management
Network Monitor
Network Provider API
OLE DB
OLE DB Provider for Internet Publishing
OnNow
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
OpenGL
Password Filters
PC Health
Performance Monitoring
Plug and Play Universal Plug and Play
Power Management
Quality of Service (QoS)
Real-time Communications (RTC) Client
Remote Access Service (RAS)
Remote Procedure Call ( RPC Service)
Removable Storage Manager (RSM)
Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)
Routing Table Manager Version 1 (RTMV1)
Routing Table Manager Version 2 (RTMV2)
Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)
Server Cluster API
Server Data Objects (SDO)
Service Security Attachments
Setup API
Shell ( Explorer Shell)
Side-by-side Assemblies
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Smart Card
Still Image
Storage Structured Storage
Synchronization Manager
System.DirectoryServices
System Event Notification Service (SENS)
System Restore
Tablet PC
Task Scheduler
Telephony Application Programming Interface (TAPI) 2.2
Telephony Application Programming Interface (TAPI) 3
Telephony Service Provider Interface (TSPI MSPI)
Terminal Services
Text Services Framework
Unicode ( MSLU)
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)
Video for Windows
Windows Clustering
Windows File Protection
Windows GDI
Windows GDI+
Windows Image Acquisition (WIA)
Windows Installer
Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
Windows Multimedia
Windows Sockets
Windows System Information
Windows User Interface
Winlogon Gina
 -

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, 13 2010 . 23:10 () +
Win16 Windows API 16- Windows. Windows API, Win16 Win32.
Win32s Win32, 16- Windows 3.x Win32 API .
Win32 32- API Windows. . API DLL kernel32.dll advapi32.dll; GUI user32.dll gdi32.dll. Win32 Windows NT ( ) Windows 9x. Windows, Windows NT, Win32 GUI : csrss.exe (Client/Server Runtime Subsystem), , win32k.sys . Win32 API ntoskrnl.exe
Win64 64- Win32, 64- . Win64 API 64- Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows 7.

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Windows API

, 13 2010 . 23:09 () +
Windows API (application programming interfaces) Windows Windows NT . Windows. , Windows API, SDK, Platform SDK , , .

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, 13 2010 . 23:07 () +
Microsoft Windows 93 % . Net Applications, 2009 Windows 92,52 %, Mac 5,27 %, Linux 1,00 % 1 %[11] . GNU/Linux ( Net Applications c 0,68 % 2008 0,93 % 2009, w3schools[12] 3,6 % 4,2 % ), .

Microsoft Windows w3schools 2009 Windows XP[12]

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Windows Embedded

, 13 2010 . 23:06 () +
Windows Embedded , . Windows CE ARM, MIPS, SuperH x86. Windows Embedded , (EWF FBWF), -, CD-ROM, , . .

Windows, , : , , , , VoIP-, , (), , , , , , .

Windows Embedded[1]:
Windows Embedded CE,
Windows Embedded Standard,
Windows Embedded POSReady,
Windows Embedded Enterprise,
Windows Embedded NavReady,
Windows Embedded Server.

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Windows NT

, 13 2010 . 23:06 () +
x86, x64, Itanium. ( 4.0 ) RISC-: Alpha, MIPS, Power PC. 32- , MS-DOS .

. Windows 2000 , , Windows NT 4.0 Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. Windows Server 2003, -.
Windows NT 3.1 (1993)
Windows NT 3.5 (1994)
Windows NT 3.51 (1995)
Windows NT 4.0 (1996)
Windows 2000 (2000) Windows NT 5.0
Windows XP (2001) Windows NT 5.1
Windows XP 64-bit Edition (2006) Windows NT 5.2
Windows Server 2003 (2003) Windows NT 5.2
Windows Vista (2006) Windows NT 6.0
Windows Home Server (2007) Windows NT 5.2
Windows Server 2008 (2008) Windows NT 6.0
Windows Small Business Server (2008) Windows NT 6.0
Windows 7 Windows NT 6.1 (2009)
Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows NT 6.1 (2009)

Windows NT . . , .

Windows NT . . ( Windows 2000 20 ) , . . ( ) . . . .

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Windows 9x

, 13 2010 . 23:05 () +
Windows 95, Windows 98 Windows Me.

Windows 95 1995 . Ÿ , , Plug and Play, 32- . Windows 95 32- .

Windows NT, . Win32 API Windows NT, [10]. .

Windows 95 MS-DOS 7.0, 16- DOS .

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DOS

, 13 2010 . 23:04 () +
Windows , MS-DOS , , , . (GDI) . Intel 8086.
Windows 1.0 (1985)
Windows 2.0 (1987)
Windows 2.1 (Windows 386) (1987) DOS- , 640 . 80286. 80386.
Windows 3.0 (1990) 80386 .
Windows 3.1 (1992) Windows 3.0; UAE (Unrecoverable Application Errors ), OLE, WYSIWYG ( , ), TrueType, ( ), .
Windows (Windows for Workgroups) 3.1/3.11 . WFWG 3.11 , Windows 95.

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Microsoft Windows

, 13 2010 . 23:03 () +
Microsoft Windows (/wndoz/)(windows ) (Microsoft), . - -, , .

Windows 90 % [1].

Windows x86, x86-64, IA-64, ARM. DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC SPARC[2].

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, 13 2010 . 23:02 () +
, , , :
, , , ;
;
;
, .

, , . .3

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, 13 2010 . 23:00 () +
, . , , . - . , , . , , .

Freedom, 1998 2001 . ZKS , . , Freedom, . IP. .

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, 13 2010 . 22:59 () +
, , : , , , - . .



, . , () .. . () () , . , .

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, 13 2010 . 22:58 () +

PSTN



Frame relay
PDH
Ethernet
RS-232

Synchronous optical networking
Fiber distributed data interface


Bluetooth
Human Area Network

IEEE 802.11
Netsukuku
IEEE 802.16e WiMAX


MMDS
SMDS

CSD
GPRS
HSCSD
EDGE
UMTS
HSDPA
HSUPA
CDMA
IEE 802.16e WiMAX
CDPD
Paging networks
DataTAC
Mobitex
Motient

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, 13 2010 . 22:57 () +
. :
AppleTalk
ARCNET
ATM
DECnet
Ethernet
HIPPI
IEEE-488
IP
IPX
Myrinet
TCP
Token Ring
UDP
SPX
FDDI
QsNet
USB
IEEE 1394 (Firewire, iLink)
X.25
Frame relay
Bluetooth
IEEE 802.11
Systems Network Architecture
RapidIO



IEEE 802

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, 13 2010 . 22:56 () +
, (HAN, Human Area Network)
(PAN, Personal Area Network)
(LAN, Local Area Network)
HomePNA
(CAN, Campus Area Network)
(MAN, Metropolitan Area Network)
(Campus Area Network CAN)
(WideAreaNetwork WAN)
(WWW, World Wide Web)

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, 13 2010 . 22:55 () +
, , , :
, , , ;
;
;
, .

, , . .

:  
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, 13 2010 . 22:53 () +
, XIX 4338- , 1837 , , : , .
1908 [11]:
, - , . , . , , , , , , , . , , , . . ,
(.) []

- (1909) , . , -, . , .
(1946) . (), , , , . , . .
- , -. Multivac (.) (19551979), , (197080- ) , (1966) .[12] - , .

:  
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, 13 2010 . 22:52 () +
, - , , :
National LambdaRail
Abilene Network
GEANT
GLORIAD

(. Abilene Network) , 2 (. Internet2). . 230 , . , 10 / (OC-192c), 68 /.

, , .

:  
(0)

, 13 2010 . 22:52 () +
, (, , ) . - .

, , , . , , , . .

, . , . [?], , .

() . .

.

:  
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ggptk

, 11 2010 . 14:11 () +
[1], , 1- VI (. . 3- [2]). .

, . 24 , . , 96 192 . , ( , ). , ( (cod. 21), (gr. 2305), (, ), (Brit. Mus. Cot. Tit. XV), - ( , 874) (cod. 67)[2].

, . , . , , , , . ; , (, , ).

, , , . , . . : . , , . , VI , IV . . . . (Altchristliche und byzantinische Kunst. 299300; Bibliographisch-kritischer Nachtrag, 41) . (ZKunstg, VI 1937, 255) , , , VI , .


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